Mathematical model as a standard procedure to analyze small and large water distribution networks

Abstract

HIGHLIGHTSA model was developed to simulate domestic water flow> The model was applied to analyze selected domestic areas in Sligo, Ireland> Reliable parameters are generated allowing the analysis of water consumption> The results confirmed the capabilities of this approach identifying water trends> The study provides rigorous criteria to compare and predict water usage . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 4 ABSTRACT Currently, more research to implement and monitor cleaner production practices for distribution and sustainable management of natural and alternative water sources to comply with the demands of the different users while preserving water levels are needed. In this paper, a periodic hourlybased model with meaningful parameters has been developed to analyze and forecast water demand as a function of time, thus enabling a better understanding of the consumption pattern and the condition of the pipe network. The model was tested by investigating the daily water consumption from selected categories of users which were isolated from different distribution networks in Sligo, Ireland. The flow data used was obtained in 15-min intervals and averaged in different time periods for analysis. In all cases, the model fittings obtained were highly consistent and all the parameters showed satisfactory confidence intervals (=0.05), thus demonstrating the reliability of this approach. The model provides a quick analysis revealing the regularities of water demand that could benefit water utility managers and researchers: to obtain optimal regulation and pumping schemes; for planning and design purposes; to control unexpected scenarios that can take place during the distribution of water; the performance of water distribution systems; and to locate possible network failures. In addition, the model parameters can be used as standard criteria for water utilities to compare precisely the water demand between different areas, identify complex trends and analyze the pipe network for managing, auditing and monitoring purposes.

Neural networks application for water distribution demand-driven decision support system

“…The error margin between predicted water demand and actual water demand, according to a study conducted by Prieto, et al, should be less than 23.2% [34].…”

Optimization of Collective Irrigation Network Layout through the Application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Multicriteria Analysis Method

“…This ensures the possibility of establishing pressurized irrigation. This trend is inseparable from the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in both design and operation phases [7][8][9] to achieve high water use efficiency, increase network and crop profitability [10,11], and align with Sustainable Development Goal 6, "Clean Water and Sanitation", of the 2030 Agenda [12].…”