Mathematical model and dynamic computer simulation on free flow zone electrophoresis

Zhang, Jie; Yan, Jian; Li, Si; Pang, Bo; Guo, Cheng-Gang; Cao, Cheng-Xi; Jin, Xinqiao

doi:10.1039/c3an00834g

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The operating voltage also affects the establishment of pH gradient and separation of sample. The higher voltage is, the less time it takes for pH gradient forming . Unless otherwise stated, all studies in this paper run at an operating voltage of 600 V. In practical applications, buffer concentration and voltage conditions should be considered comprehensively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carrier ampholyte‐free free‐flow isoelectric focusing for separation of protein

et al. 2019

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Free‐flow isoelectric focusing (FFIEF) has the merits of mild separation conditions, high recovery and resolution, but suffers from the issues of ampholytes interference and high cost due to expensive carrier ampholytes. In this paper, a home‐made carrier ampholyte‐free FFIEF system was constructed via orientated migration of H+ and OH− provided by electrode solutions. When applying an electric field, a linear pH gradient from pH 4 to 9 (R2 = 0.994) was automatically formed by the electromigration of protons and hydroxyl ions in the separation chamber. The carrier ampholyte‐free FFIEF system not only avoids interference of ampholyte to detection but also guarantees high separation resolution by establishing stable pH gradient. The separation selectivity was conveniently adjusted by controlling operating voltage and optimizing the composition, concentration and flow rate of the carrier buffer. The constructed system was applied to separation of proteins in egg white, followed by MADLI‐TOF‐MS identification. Three major proteins, ovomucoid, ovalbumin and ovotransferrin, were successfully separated according to their pI values with 15 mmol/L Tris‐acetic acid (pH = 6.5) as carrier buffer at a flow rate of 12.9 mL/min.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carrier ampholyte‐free free‐flow isoelectric focusing for separation of protein

et al. 2019

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“…A simple, diffusionbased mathematical model for dynamic computer simulation of free-flow zone electrophoresis was developed and implemented in the Delphi XE2 environment. The model was used to simulate operational parameters (e.g., electric field, flow rate, and pH) for the prediction of amino acid [129] and protein [130] separations. Models to study the electrokinetic transport (mainly EOF) at intersections of microfluidic chips, such as that of Yang et al implemented into the CFD-ACE+ solver and used to study geometry and voltage parameters to avoid sample leakage [131], are not elaborated here.…”

Section: Multi-dimensional Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic computer simulations of electrophoresis: 2010–2020

Thormann

Mosher²

2021

Electrophoresis

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The transport of components in liquid media under the influence of an applied electric field can be described with the continuity equation. It represents a nonlinear conservation law that is based upon the balance laws of continuous transport processes and can be solved in time and space numerically. This procedure is referred to as dynamic computer simulation. Since its inception four decades ago, the state of dynamic computer simulation software and its use has progressed significantly. Dynamic models are the most versatile tools to explore the fundamentals of electrokinetic separations and provide insights into the behavior of buffer systems and sample components of all electrophoretic separation methods, including moving boundary electrophoresis, CZE, CGE, ITP, IEF, EKC, ACE, and CEC. This article is a continuation of previous reviews (Electrophoresis 2009, 30, S16-S26 and Electrophoresis 2010, 31, 726-754) and summarizes the progress and achievements made during the 2010 to 2020 time period in which some of the existing dynamic simulators were extended and new simulation packages were developed. This review presents the basics and extensions of the three most used one-dimensional simulators, provides a survey of new one-dimensional simulators, outlines an overview of multi-dimensional models, and mentions models that were briefly reported in the literature. A comprehensive discussion of simulation applications and achievements of the 2010 to 2020 time period is also included.

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“…In order to simplify the mathematical analysis, the location of the parallel plates in the present work are set to y = ± d /2 yielding a pressure-driven velocity profile μ p = (3 U /2)(1 − 4 y 2 / d 2 ) with U being the spatially averaged value of μ p . In addition, a fraction (α) of the net transverse electrokinetic flow is assumed to be blocked by the channel sidewalls, which then yields as a pressure-driven cross-flow countering the EOF in the FFZE channel [28]. The overall flow profile in the transverse direction in this situation may be expressed as μ t = μ E [1 − (3α/2)(1 − 4 y 2 / d 2 )] in regions far away from the channel sidewalls.…”

Section: Mathematical Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analytic description of electrodynamic dispersion in free-flow zone electrophoresis

Dutta

2015

Journal of Chromatography A

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The present work analyzes the electrodynamic dispersion of sample streams in a free-flow zone electrophoresis (FFZE) chamber resulting due to partial or complete blockage of electroosmotic flow (EOF) across the channel width by the sidewalls of the conduit. This blockage of EOF has been assumed to generate a pressure-driven backflow in the transverse direction for maintaining flow balance in the system. A parallel-plate based FFZE device with the analyte stream located far away from the channel side regions has been considered to simplify the current analysis. Applying a method-of-moments formulation, an analytic expression was derived for the variance of the sample zone at steady state as a function of its position in the separation chamber under these conditions. It has been shown that the increase in stream broadening due to the electrodynamic dispersion phenomenon is additive to the contributions from molecular diffusion and sample injection, and simply modifies the coefficient for the hydrodynamic dispersion term for a fixed lateral migration distance of the sample stream. Moreover, this dispersion mechanism can dominate the overall spatial variance of analyte zones when a significant fraction of the EOF is blocked by the channel sidewalls. The analysis also shows that analyte streams do not undergo any hydrodynamic broadening due to unwanted pressure-driven cross-flows in an FFZE chamber in the absence of a transverse electric field. The noted results have been validated using Monte Carlo simulations which further demonstrate that while the sample concentration profile at the channel outlet approaches a Gaussian distribution only in FFZE chambers substantially longer than the product of the axial pressure-driven velocity and the characteristic diffusion time in the system, the spatial variance of the exiting analyte stream is well described by the Taylor-Aris dispersion limit even in analysis ducts much shorter than this length scale.

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Mathematical model and dynamic computer simulation on free flow zone electrophoresis

Cited by 6 publications

References 47 publications

Carrier ampholyte‐free free‐flow isoelectric focusing for separation of protein

Carrier ampholyte‐free free‐flow isoelectric focusing for separation of protein

Dynamic computer simulations of electrophoresis: 2010–2020

An analytic description of electrodynamic dispersion in free-flow zone electrophoresis

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