“…According to conventional boundary layer approaches [25][26] and PDE papers [14,17,[23][24] detonation is modelled as a Zel'dovich-von Neumann-Doering (ZND) normal wavelength, in the fuel-air mixture of a uniform tube, which is almost at rest for combustion inlet conditions, see Figure 6. Due to the difficulty of initiating air-fuel mixtures in short tubes and obtaining a constant detonation firing, methods involving deflagrative combustion processes leading to detonation reactions by the placement of optimized obstacles to create turbulent mixtures and to accelerate the gas flow (DDT), as an example, we describe the Shchelkin spiral coil, perforated plates or convergent-divergent jaws, see Figure 7, [18,19,20,21,22].…”