“…The new and unique dual curriculum system, while focused on the high-school level, has ramifications for what needs to be taught in earlier grades and sets different types of expectations from learners and teachers alike. Consequently, it has been the subject of much national discussion and controversy in South Africa (e.g., Christiansen, 2007). Mouton, Louw, and Strydom (2013) have argued that the South African educational system is "flawed, with poorly performing teachers, poor work ethics, lack of community and parental support, poor control by education authorities, poor support for teachers and very low levels of accountability" (p. 1).…”