Mathematical Description of Rooting Profiles of Agricultural Crops and its Effect on Transpiration Prediction by a Hydrological Model

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sixty years of contrasting fertilization treatments on the roots of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at sites with different soil and climate conditions. The depth and length density distribution of the wheat roots were determined between 2014 and 2016 in a crop rotation experiment established in 1955 at three sites: Lukavec, Čáslav, and Ivanovice (Czech Republic). Three fertilization treatments were examined: Zero fertilization (N0), organic (ORG) fertilization, and mineral (MIN) fertilization. The fertilization, site, and year all had a significant effect on the total root length (TRL). The average TRL per square meter reached 30.2, 37.0, and 46.1 km with the N0, ORG, and MIN treatments at Lukavec, respectively, which was the site with the lightest soil and the coldest climate. At Čáslav and Ivanovice (warmer sites with silt and loamy soils), the average TRL per square meter reached 41.2, 42.4, and 47.7 km at Čáslav and 49.2, 55.3, and 62.9 km at Ivanovice with the N0, MIN, and ORG treatments, respectively. The effect of fertilization on the effective root depth (EfRD), the depth at which the root length density dropped below 2.0 cm cm−3, was significant, while the maximum root depth (RMD) was only marginally affected. With the sites and years averaged, the MIN-treated plants showed a greater EfRD (102.2 cm) in comparison to the N0 (81.8 cm) and ORG (93.5 cm) treatments. The N0 treatment showed no signs of an adaptive reaction to the root system, with potential improvement for nutrient acquisition, while optimal fertilization contributed to the potential for resource depletion from the soil profile.

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“…The root length density of wheat decreased with depth in this experiment, similar to that which occurs in other crops [28,[48][49][50].…”

Section: Root Length Density Distributionsupporting

confidence: 87%

The Effect of Different Fertilization Treatments on Wheat Root Depth and Length Density Distribution in a Long-Term Experiment

et al. 2020

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“…where kbg is a first-order rate constant for root biomass loss (d -1 ), A (kg m -2 d -1 ) is the dry matter assimilation rate, fbg is the fraction of dry matter production partitioned to roots and fr(i) is the fraction of this root production allocated to layer i, which is prescribed by a logistic dose response function (Schenk and Jackson, 2002;Fan et al, 2016;Metselaar et al, 2019):…”

Section: Growth Model For Perennial Grasslandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupled modelling of hydrological processes and grassland production in two contrasting climates

Jarvis

Groh

Lewan

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. Projections of global climate models suggest that ongoing human-induced climate change will lead to an increase in the frequency of severe droughts in many important agricultural regions of the world. Eco-hydrological models that integrate current understanding of the interacting processes governing soil water balance and plant growth may be useful tools to predict the impacts of climate change on crop production. However, the validation status of these models for making predictions under climate change is still unclear, since few suitable datasets are available for model testing. One promising approach is to test models using data obtained in “space-for-time” substitution experiments, in which samples are transferred among locations with contrasting current climates in order to mimic future climatic conditions. An important advantage of this approach is that the soil type is the same, so that differences in soil properties are not confounded with the influence of climate on water balance and crop growth. In this study, we evaluate the capability of a relatively simple eco-hydrological model to reproduce 6 years (2013–2018) of measurements of soil water contents, water balance components and grass production made in weighing lysimeters located at two sites within the TERENO-SoilCan network in Germany. Three lysimeters are located at an upland site at Rollesbroich with a cool, wet climate, while three others had been moved from Rollesbroich to a warmer and drier climate on the lower Rhine valley floodplain at Selhausen. Four of the most sensitive parameters in the model were treated as uncertain within the framework of the GLUE (Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation) methodology, while the remaining parameters in the model were set according to site measurements or data in the literature. The model accurately reproduced the measurements at both sites, and some significant differences in the posterior ranges of the four uncertain parameters were found. In particular, the results indicated greater stomatal conductance as well an increase in dry matter allocation below-ground and a significantly larger maximum root depth for the three lysimeters that had been moved to Selhausen. As a consequence, the apparent water use efficiency (above-ground harvest divided by evapotranspiration) was significantly smaller at Selhausen than Rollesbroich. Data on species abundance on the lysimeters provide one possible explanation for the differences in the plant traits at the two sites derived from model calibration. These observations showed that the plant community at Selhausen had changed significantly in response to the drier climate, with a significant decrease in the abundance of herbs and an increase in the proportion of grass species. The differences in root depth and leaf conductance may also be a consequence of plasticity or acclimation at the species level. Regardless of the reason, we may conclude that such adaptations introduce significant additional uncertainties into model predictions of water balance and plant growth in response to climate change.

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“…Water can be absorbed and flowed from the soil to plant parts through roots; therefore, plant roots also have the potential or can affect the amount of water that can be transpired. The distribution of root length density has the potential to affect the transpiration process, but the effect of root length density on the transpiration rate has not been widely carried out, so further research is needed ( (Metselaar et al, 2019).…”

Section: Effect Of Plant Physiology On Transpiration Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Robusta coffee transpiration rate in smallholder coffee plantations on Inceptisols of Malang, East Java

Saputri¹,

Prijono²,

Prasetya³

2021

J.Degrade.Min.Land Manage.

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Climate change and the erratic and uneven rainfall distribution are the causes of reduced water available in the soil for plant needs to the transpiration process. This study aimed to determine coffee transpiration rate on dry land with rain harvesting techniques during the dry season, transition season, and rainy season and the factors that influence it. This study used field observation and laboratory analysis with two treatments, i.e. a bench terrace as a control (P1) and an L-shaped silt pit (P2). The variables observed were soil moisture content, transpiration rate, soil water potential, leaf water potential, and microclimate, especially temperature and sunlight intensity. The results showed that the transpiration rate of coffee plants was significantly different in the two treatments. The highest transpiration rate was found in P2 as much as 13.17 mm week-1 or equivalent to 1.88 mm day-1 during the dry season. Application of the L-shaped silt pit (P2) increased soil moisture content compared to the control (P1). This increase was followed by an increase in soil water potential and leaf water potential, which could reach the highest values of 0.18 bar and 0.49 bar, respectively. The transpiration decreases with the change of seasons from the dry season to the transitional season and the rainy season. This decrease is caused by changes in the microclimate, especially the temperature and sunlight intensity. Both are the most variables that affect the rate of transpiration.

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Mathematical Description of Rooting Profiles of Agricultural Crops and its Effect on Transpiration Prediction by a Hydrological Model

Cited by 14 publications

References 56 publications

The Effect of Different Fertilization Treatments on Wheat Root Depth and Length Density Distribution in a Long-Term Experiment

The Effect of Different Fertilization Treatments on Wheat Root Depth and Length Density Distribution in a Long-Term Experiment

Coupled modelling of hydrological processes and grassland production in two contrasting climates

Robusta coffee transpiration rate in smallholder coffee plantations on Inceptisols of Malang, East Java

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