Maternal Weight, Weight Gain, and Metabolism are Associated with Changes in Fetal Heart Rate and Variability

Husin, Haliza Mat; Schleger, Franziska; Bauer, Ilena; Fehlert, Ellen; Kiefer-Schmidt, Isabelle; Weiss, Martin; Kagan, Karl Oliver; Brucker, Sara Y.; Pauluschke‐Fröhlich, Jan; Eswaran, Hari; Häring, Hans‐Ulrich; Fritsche, Andreas; Preißl, Hubert

doi:10.1002/oby.22664

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Assessment of the heart rate variability using ECG recordings, for example, would provide a read out of efferent parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic activity 37 and the peripheral blood epigenome may provide insight into sustained epigenetic signals originating in utero. A recently published study of 184 women provides added support for in utero origins of altered autonomic nervous system activity 38 . Using the method of magnetoencephalography, the authors reported that maternal overweight and obesity was associated with lower fetal heart rate variability and a higher heart rate, in comparison to normal weight mothers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adiposity and cardiovascular outcomes in three‐year‐old children of participants inUPBEAT, anRCTof a complex intervention in pregnant women with obesity

et al. 2020

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Summary Background Maternal obesity is associated with offspring cardiometabolic risk. UPBEAT was a randomised controlled trial of an antenatal diet and physical activity intervention in 1555 women with obesity. The intervention was associated with lower gestational weight gain, healthier diet and metabolic profile in pregnancy, and reduced infant adiposity at six months. Objective We have investigated whether the UPBEAT intervention influenced childhood cardiometabolic outcomes or was associated with sustained improvements in maternal lifestyle 3‐years after delivery. Methods In UPBEAT mother‐child dyads at the 3‐year follow‐up, we assessed childhood blood pressure, resting pulse rate, and adiposity (body mass index, skinfold thicknesses, body fat, waist and arm circumferences) and maternal diet, physical activity, and anthropometry. Results 514 three‐year‐old children attended the appointment (49% intervention, 51% standard care). There was no difference in the main outcome of interest, subscapular skinfold thickness, between the trial arms (−0.30 mm, 95% confidence interval: −0.92, 0.31). However, the intervention was associated with a lower resting pulse rate (−5 bpm [−8.41, −1.07]). There was also a non‐significant lower odds of overweight/obesity (OR 0.73; 0.50, 1.08). Maternal dietary improvements observed in the UPBEAT trial, including glycaemic load and saturated fat were maintained 3‐years postpartum. Conclusion This study has demonstrated that an antenatal dietary and physical activity intervention in women with obesity is associated with lower offspring pulse rate and sustained improvement in maternal diet. Whilst larger than previous cohorts, there remains potential for bias from attrition and these findings require validation in future cohorts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adiposity and cardiovascular outcomes in three‐year‐old children of participants inUPBEAT, anRCTof a complex intervention in pregnant women with obesity

et al. 2020

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“…However, changes in fetal development in response to maternal PA during the whole pregnancy from early pregnancy until delivery combined with prepregnancy parameters have not yet been reported. For future studies, it would be helpful to include the maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and maternal gestational weight gain since these can have an impact on fetal cardiac activity and infants risk of obesity 110–112. The maternal prepregnancy BMI is also associated with a higher risk of gestational diabetes mellitus 113.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spotlight on the fetus: how physical activity during pregnancy influences fetal health: a narrative review

Bauer

Hartkopf

Kullmann

et al. 2020

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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Before and during pregnancy, women often aim to improve their lifestyle so as to provide a healthier environment for their developing child. It remains unresolved, however, as to whether physical activity (PA) during pregnancy poses a possible risk or whether it might even have beneficial effects on the developing child. There is increasing evidence that PA during pregnancy is indeed beneficial to maternal physiological and psychological health and that it is generally not detrimental to the fetal cardiovascular system and neuronal function in the developing child. This also led to international recommendations for PAs during pregnancy. In the current review, we aimed to comprehensively assess the evidence of beneficial and harmful effects of maternal PA, including high-performance sports, on fetal development. The different mental and body-based relaxation techniques presented here are frequently performed during pregnancy. We found a considerable number of studies addressing these issues. In general, neither low key, moderate maternal PA nor relaxation techniques were observed to have a harmful effect on the developing child. However, we identified some forms of PA which could have at least a transient unfavourable effect. Notably, the literature currently available does not provide enough evidence to enable us to make a general conclusive statement on this subject. This is due to the lack of longitudinal studies on the metabolic and cognitive effects of regular PA during pregnancy and the wide diversity of methods used. In particular, the kind of PA investigated in each study differed from study to study.

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“…Analysis of Heart Rate Variability (HRV): HRV was calculated from the R peaks, previously detected during the data cleaning of the magnetoencephalogram. As HRV value, we computed the standard deviation of normal to normal R-R intervals (SDNN) in each recording block and each newborn, using in house algorithms, described in MatHusin et al (2020) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetoencephalographic signatures of hierarchical rule learning in newborns

Moser

Schleger

Weiss

et al. 2020

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

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Maternal Weight, Weight Gain, and Metabolism are Associated with Changes in Fetal Heart Rate and Variability

Cited by 23 publications

References 43 publications

Adiposity and cardiovascular outcomes in three‐year‐old children of participants inUPBEAT, anRCTof a complex intervention in pregnant women with obesity

Adiposity and cardiovascular outcomes in three‐year‐old children of participants inUPBEAT, anRCTof a complex intervention in pregnant women with obesity

Spotlight on the fetus: how physical activity during pregnancy influences fetal health: a narrative review

Magnetoencephalographic signatures of hierarchical rule learning in newborns

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