Maternal Trophic Status and Offpsring Phenotype in a Marine Invertebrate

Abstract

Offspring size variation in relation to maternal size and season is characteristic of a range of species living in seasonal environments. Little is known about the proximate mechanisms explaining the links between maternally driven variation in offspring phenotypes, for instance when mothers have different diets depending on their size or the season. Here, we use stable isotopes techniques to quantify size dependent and seasonal variations in diet in mothers of shrimp Palaemon serratus and explore possible links between maternal diet and phenotype of embryos and freshly hatched larvae. We found that larger females, which occur more frequently in winter, produce larvae with higher carbon and nitrogen content as well as higher percent carbon, than smaller mothers collected in winter. In addition, isotopic composition suggest that larger mothers collected in winter, were feeding at a higher trophic level, or on an enriched prey pool compared with smaller mothers collected in summer. Overall, there seems to be a strong association between offspring size and maternal diet, mediated by maternal size and/or season.

Plasmon-Activated Water Decreases Vasculopathy in Orthotopic Allograft Transplantation Rats

“…PAW with its unique properties of enhancing solute diffusion as well as exhibiting anti-in ammatory properties considerably shortens the time required to remove uremic contaminants during hemodialysis therapy 11,40 . Additionally, PAW decreased bronectin expression and renal brosis in mice with chronic kidney disease 40 , and reduced liver damage in chronic sleep-deprived rats 41 . Compared to mice administered with ROW, PAW administration may improve the survival time and cisplatin effect in Lewis lung carcinoma cells-bearing mice, and may be associated with inducing Nrf2 gene expression 14 .…”

Transferring Plasmon Effect on a Biological System: Expression of Biological Polymers in Chronic Rejection and Inflammatory Rat Model

“…PAW, with its unique properties of enhancing solute diffusion, as well as its exhibited anti-inflammatory properties, considerably shortens the time required to remove uremic contaminants during hemodialysis therapy [ 2 , 41 ]. Additionally, PAW decreased fibronectin expression and renal fibrosis in mice with chronic kidney disease [ 41 ], and reduced liver damage in chronic sleep-deprived rats [ 42 ]. Compared to mice administered with ROW, PAW administration may improve the survival time and cisplatin effect in Lewis-lung-carcinoma-cells-bearing mice, and may be associated with inducing Nrf2 gene expression [ 5 ].…”

Variable shrimp in variable environments: reproductive investment within Palaemon varians

“…Boddeke, 1982, Sheader 1983, Oh and Hartnoll, 2004, Urzua et al, 2012, and within a single breeding season (e.g. Sampedro et al, 1997, Bas et al, 2007, González-Ortegón et al 2018). Many of these examples have been associated with temperature differences during gonad development (Kerfoot 1974, Perrin 1988).…”

“…For example, larger mothers may provision offspring more efficiently than smaller mothers (Sakai & Harada 2001) or larger, more fecund, mothers may better provision offspring to compensate for higher levels of sibling competition (Parker and Begon 1986). Larger female Palaemon serratus were found to feed at a higher trophic level than their smaller counterparts and produce eggs with greater carbon and nitrogen content, demonstrating the importance of diet on offspring provisioning (González-Ortegón et al 2018). Morphological and anatomical scaling may also play a role in the trend, as larger females are able to produce larger offspring (Fox & Czesak 2000).…”

“…For arthropods, the influence of temperature on offspring size has been demonstrated repeatedly and there are numerous examples of temporal, seasonal changes and geographic differences in per-offspring investment (e.g. Fischer et al 2003a,b,c, Bas et al 2007, Liefting et al 2010, González-Ortegón et al 2018, Lardies & Castilla 2001, Lardies & Wehrtmann 2001, Urzúa et al 2012, González-Ortegón et al 2018. For the brown shrimp, Crangon crangon (Linnaeus, 1758), eggs with higher per-offspring investment are produced in cooler winter months (Urzúa et al 2012, Urzúa & Anger 2013.…”