Maternal treatment with somatotropin alters embryonic development and early postnatal growth of pigs

Kelley, Rebecca L.; Jungst, Steve B.; Spencer, Thomas E.; Owsley, W. F.; Rahe, C.H.; Mulvaney, D. R.

doi:10.1016/0739-7240(94)00011-o

Cited by 51 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Combined, these studies [22, present study] suggest CLA may have long-term benefits only if maintained in the diet. Similarly, the effect of somatotropin treatment of pregnant dams on growth of the offspring is not maintained through market weight [18]. Though it may be impractical to suggest producers include CLA enhancers in diets of gestating sows in hopes of permanent benefits in body composition, these results suggest that mechanisms of CLA's actions are dependant on the continual presence of CLA in growing swine.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) during gestation and lactation does not alter sow performance or body weight gain and adiposity in progeny

2004

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-The objective of this study was to determine the long-term effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in pigs exposed to CLA during fetal and neonatal growth. Sows were fed a diet with 0.83% soy oil or 0.83% CLA-60 containing 60% active CLA isomers from either d 40 (group 1; CON n = 8, CLA n = 6) or d 75 (group 2; CON n = 8, CLA n = 8) of gestation through weaning on d 28. Within group 1, one male and one female piglet per litter (CON n = 6, CLA n = 5) were sacrificed within 24 hours of birth (d 0) and body weights recorded. Semitendinosus muscle, subcutaneous adipose tissue and organs, including heart, liver, lung, kidney, brain were weighed and tissue samples were frozen. Two average weight barrows and two gilts per litter were weaned and fed standard diets without added CLA until market weight. CLA did not alter sow's feed intake during gestation or lactation, body weight or backfat thickness, and litter size and weight at birth (P > 0.05). CLA decreased newborn pig heart, but not backfat or semitendinosus muscle weights relative to their body weights (d 0). CLA decreased pre-weaning weight in selected piglets but this was not maintained post-weaning. CLA decreased total milk fat by 17% (P < 0.01) and resulted in an increase in the relative amount of saturated fatty acids and a decrease in the relative amount of unsaturated fatty acids in milk on d 21 of lactation (P < 0.05). Decreases in growth rates until d 14 may be due to decreased fat in sow's milk since growth rate and body weight of selected progeny did not differ post-weaning. Serum from newborn CLA pigs suppressed relative preadipocyte number and did not change lipid filling in stromal-vascular cell cultures. The response to this serum was greater in females than in males (P Diet = 0.04; P Diet × Gender = 0.04). Thus, there do not seem to be any long-term effects on growth and body composition of market weight pigs given 0.5% CLA through weaning that would be beneficial in a production scheme. Résumé -La distribution d'acide linoléique conjugué (CLA) pendant la gestation et la lactation n'affecte ni les performances des truies ni le gain de poids corporel et l'adiposité de leurs porcelets. L'objectif de cette étude était de déterminer les effets à long terme de l'acide linoléique conjugué (CLA) chez les porcs recevant du CLA pendant leur croissance foetale et néonatale. Des truies ont été alimentées avec un régime à base d'huile de soja (0,83 %, CON) ou de CLA-60 (0,83 %, CLA) contenant 60 % des isomères actifs de CLA, soit à partir du 40 e jour de gestation (groupe 1 ; CON n = 8, CLA n = 6) soit au 75 e jour de gestation (groupe 2 ; CON n = 8, CLA n = 8) jusqu'au sevrage (28 jours après la naissance). Dans le groupe 1, un porcelet mâle et un porcelet femelle par portée (CON n = 6, CLA n = 5) ont été sacrifiés à moins de 24 heures de la naissance (d 0) et le poids corporel des animaux enregistré. Le muscle semitendinosus, le tissu adipeux sous-cutané et les organes, comprenant le coeur, le foie, le poumon, les reins ainsi que le cerveau ont ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) during gestation and lactation does not alter sow performance or body weight gain and adiposity in progeny

2004

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“…They also indicated that the ability of pST to increase fibre number could be muscle-specific since no increase in total fibre number was observed in the psoas major muscle. Kelley et al (1995) however, obtained heavier semitendinosus and larger L muscle cross-sectional area in neonates, along with greater loin muscle development in 102-kg slaughter pigs after maternal pST treatment from days 28 to 40 of gestation. Fibre number and size were not determined.…”

Section: Muscle Fibre Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the prenatal phase of this study, at 110 d of gestation, LW foetuses from GRF-treated sows were heavier than those from control sows, yet this effect was not present at 28 d post-partum (Lewis et al 2003) and was not apparent in the present trial over the growing phase (56 to 120 d postpartum). Likewise, a number of studies did not report any influence of either maternal pGH or GRF treatment on postnatal growth rate of the progeny (Etienne et al 1992;Kelley et al 1995;Gatford et al 2003;Kuhn et al 2004). The negative effect of prenatal GRF treatment was logically mirrored in the number of days taken to achieve the targeted slaughter weight (108 kg), progenies from GRF-treated sows being older than controls at slaughter (104 vs. 97.5 d; P < 0.05).…”

Section: Growth Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the effects of maternal ST treatment on postnatal body composition are contradictory. Kelley et al (1995) reported greater loin muscle development and carcass length in slaughter pigs derived from sows treated with ST between days 28 and 40 of gestation, whereas Kuhn et al (2004) found a lower meat percentage and more exudative loin in slaughter pigs born to ST-treated sows (10-27 d of gestation). Human GRF is a powerful stimulator of GH in growing pigs (Etherton et al 1986;Dubreuil et al 1988).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Growth-hormone-releasing factor given to early-pregnant Genex-Meishan and Large White gilts: Effects on growth, carcass, meat quality and histochemical traits of the progeny

Faucitano¹,

Pomar²,

Gariépy³

et al. 2005

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Faucitano, L., Pomar, C., Gariépy, C. and Farmer, C. 2005. Growth-hormone releasing factor given to early-pregnant GenexMeishan and Large White gilts: Effects on growth, carcass, meat quality and histochemical traits of the progeny. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 85: 37-46. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) given in early gestation on post-weaning performance, carcass and meat quality and histochemical properties of two pig genotypes. Large White (LW, n = 10) and Genex Meishan-derived dam line (GM, with 50% Meishan genes, n = 10) gilts were treated during gestation with either saline injections (control, n = 5 LW and 5 GM), or 6.6 µg kg -1 of a GRF analog (n = 5 LW and 5 GM), given thrice daily from days 18 to 33 of gestation. After birth, at 56 d of age, four piglets (two barrows and two gilts) each from 20 litters were selected, allotted into individual pens and grown to slaughter weight (108.2 ± 2.3 kg). Feed intake was measured daily and pigs were weighed weekly. Prenatal GRF treatment had a detrimental effect (P < 0.05) on daily gain in both genotypes, but did not affect carcass quality. Significant interactions between GRF, genotype and sex (P < 0.01) for colour traits of the longissimus (L) and semimembranosus (SM) muscles and between GRF and genotype (P < 0.01) for shear force of the L muscle were found. GM pigs had lower growth rate (P < 0.01), higher feed intake (P < 0.05), fatter and shorter carcass (P < 0.001) than LW. L and SM muscles from GM pigs were less exudative (P < 0.05) than LW. L muscle from LW had higher percentages of slow oxidative (SO) (P < 0.001) and fast oxidative glycolytic (FOG) (P < 0.01) fibres but lower percentage of fast glycolytic (FG) fibres (P < 0.001) than that of GM. The results suggest that GRF given in early lactation reduces post-weaning growth of pigs from either breed, but does not affect carcass quality. GM pigs have poorer carcass quality than LW.Key words: Gestating gilts, growth hormone releasing factor, growth, carcass characteristics, meat quality traits, muscle fibre, pig Faucitano, L., Pomar, C., Gariépy, C. et Farmer, C. 2005. Apport de somatocrinine exogène en début de gestation chez des cochettes Genex-Meishan et Large White : effets sur la croissance, la qualité de la carcasse, la qualité de la viande et les propriétés histochimiques de la progéniture. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 85: 37-46. L'objectif de cette étude était de déterminer les effets de l'apport de somatocrinine en début de gestation sur les performances post-sevrage, la qualité de la carcasse et la qualité de la viande des deux lignées génétiques de porcs. Des cochettes gravides LW (n = 10) et GM (avec 50% de gènes Meishan; n = 10) ont été traitées durant la gestation avec des injections de saline (contrôle; n = 5 LW et 5 GM) et; 2) et de 6,6 µg kg -1 d'un analogue de la somatocrinine (n = 5 LW et 5 GM), données trois fois par jour des jours 18 à 33 de gestation. À 56 jours d'âge, quatre porcelets (deux mâles castrés et deux cochettes) ont été sélecti...

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“…For example, administration of pig somatotrophin (pST) to sows early during gestation (between day 10 and day 24) increases the number of fetal muscle fibres (Rehfeldt et al, 1993). Administration of pST later during gestation (between day 28 and day 48) not only alters embryonic development but also affects early postnatal growth of piglets (Kelley et al, 1995). In the study of Kelley et al (1995), embryonic survival, neonatal length, muscle mass and muscle cross-sectional area were increased, whereas back fat thickness was reduced, consistent with no change in birth weight.…”

Section: Effects Of Hormones Growth Factors and Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of manipulations of myogenesis in utero on the performance of adult skeletal muscle

Maltin¹

2001

Reproduction

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There is a growing interest in the way in which fetal programming can influence the performance of an adult in later life. Attention has been focussed on tissues relevant to major diseases such as the cardiovascular system (Barker, 1996), but skeletal muscle, one of the major components of the body, has been largely ignored. The aims of this review are to outline the main performance parameters in adult muscle, to provide a general overview of muscle development and then to consider whether myogenic programming may be influenced in utero and, if so, how changes in myogenesis might affect adult performance.

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Maternal treatment with somatotropin alters embryonic development and early postnatal growth of pigs

Cited by 51 publications

References 25 publications

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) during gestation and lactation does not alter sow performance or body weight gain and adiposity in progeny

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) during gestation and lactation does not alter sow performance or body weight gain and adiposity in progeny

Growth-hormone-releasing factor given to early-pregnant Genex-Meishan and Large White gilts: Effects on growth, carcass, meat quality and histochemical traits of the progeny

Impact of manipulations of myogenesis in utero on the performance of adult skeletal muscle

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