Maternal swimming during pregnancy enhances short-term memory and neurogenesis in the hippocampus of rat pups

Heehyuk, Lee; Kim, Hong; Lee, Jin‐Woo; Kim, Young-Sick; Yang, Haeryong; Chang, Hyun‐Kyung; Lee, Taeck-Hyun; Shin, Min-Chul; Lee, Myoung-Hwa; Shin, Mal‐Soon; Park, Sooyeon; Baek, Seung-Soo; Kim, Chang‐Ju

doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2005.05.007

Cited by 126 publications

(122 citation statements)

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“…Animal studies have detected neurological changes in offspring as a result of exercise during pregnancy. Maternal swimming in rats was found to increase hippocampal neurogenesis in rat pups that was then associated with improved memory in the pups (25). A similar study found that, in mice, maternal running during pregnancy and nursing resulted in a 40% increase in total granule cells in the offspring hippocampus (2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…However, knowledge about the contributions of maternal exercise during pregnancy and the long-term consequences on offspring is minimal. In both rats and mice, maternal exercise during pregnancy can improve brain physiology and cognition in the offspring (2,23,25). In humans, 5-yr-old children born to mothers who exercised regularly during pregnancy had improved intelligence scores and reduced body mass (7).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Perinatal exercise improves glucose homeostasis in adult offspring

Carter

Lewis

Wilkerson

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

138

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Emerging research has shown that subtle factors during pregnancy and gestation can influence long-term health in offspring. In an attempt to be proactive, we set out to explore whether a nonpharmacological intervention, perinatal exercise, might improve offspring health. Female mice were separated into sedentary or exercise cohorts, with the exercise cohort having voluntary access to a running wheel prior to mating and during pregnancy and nursing. Offspring were weaned, and analyses were performed on the mature offspring that did not have access to running wheels during any portion of their lives. Perinatal exercise caused improved glucose disposal following an oral glucose challenge in both female and male adult offspring (P Ͻ 0.05 for both). Blood glucose concentrations were reduced to lower values in response to an intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test for both female and male adult offspring of parents with access to running wheels (P Ͻ 0.05 and P Ͻ 0.01, respectively). Male offspring from exercised dams showed increased percent lean mass and decreased fat mass percent compared with male offspring from sedentary dams (P Ͻ 0.01 for both), but these parameters were unchanged in female offspring. These data suggest that short-term maternal voluntary exercise prior to and during healthy pregnancy and nursing can enhance long-term glucose homeostasis in offspring.running; pregnancy; programming; mice IN 2007, 23.5 MILLION PEOPLE in the US were estimated to have diabetes, and this number is increasing (4). Interestingly, and what is often underappreciated, is that the metabolic status of an individual is decided not only by their inherited genes, nutritional intake, and physical exercise but also by maternal nutrition and obesity during pregnancy. In 1992, Hales and Barker (18) put forth the thrifty phenotype hypothesis that suggested that malnourished pregnant mothers produce smaller offspring that have a higher incidence of obesity, diabetes, and heart disease in adulthood. This hypothesis has since been modified to the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) (15,17,18).The DOHaD suggests that the maternal environment and fetal programming lead to a higher incidence of several diseases later in life (14, 16). A growing number of studies have been designed to provide evidence for the negative impact of DOHaD, using mice, rats, and sheep as animal models (11,12,31,38). Many of these studies are directed at malnutrition through protein restriction or physical stressors that produce similar effects (8,11,34,44,45), but more recent studies are elucidating the metabolic effects of high-fat diet consumption during pregnancy on offspring (22,38,44,48).It has been known since Hippocrates and Galen that physical activity is an important component of a healthy lifestyle (33). However, knowledge about the contributions of maternal exercise during pregnancy and the long-term consequences on offspring is minimal. In both rats and mice, maternal exercise during pregnancy can improve brain physiology and cognition...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal exercise improves glucose homeostasis in adult offspring

Carter

Lewis

Wilkerson

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

138

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“…48 Maternal physical activity in the form of swimming during pregnancy has also been shown to increase hippocampal BDNF mRNA expression in the offspring leading to improved short-term memory abilities. 49 …”

Section: Influence Of Ee On Brain Developmental Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nurturing brain plasticity: impact of environmental enrichment

et al. 2009

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Environmental enrichment (EE) is known to profoundly affect the central nervous system (CNS) at the functional, anatomical and molecular level, both during the critical period and during adulthood. Recent studies focusing on the visual system have shown that these effects are associated with the recruitment of previously unsuspected neural plasticity processes. At early stages of brain development, EE triggers a marked acceleration in the maturation of the visual system, with maternal behaviour acting as a fundamental mediator of the enriched experience in both the foetus and the newborn. In adult brain, EE enhances plasticity in the cerebral cortex, allowing the recovery of visual functions in amblyopic animals. The molecular substrate of the effects of EE on brain plasticity is multi-factorial, with reduced intracerebral inhibition, enhanced neurotrophin expression and epigenetic changes at the level of chromatin structure. These findings shed new light on the potential of EE as a non-invasive strategy to ameliorate deficits in the development of the CNS and to treat neurological disorders.

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“…The rat model of exercise has been used extensively to study the physiological effects of physical activity using such exercise modalities as swimming (24,32), running (20,29,41,49,52), jumping (57), tower climbing (43), rising to an erect bipedal stance (11,64), and weight lifting (62). The effects of exercise on bone have been widely characterized in the rat.…”

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confidence: 99%

Short-term voluntary exercise in the rat causes bone modeling without initiating a physiological stress response

Rosa¹,

Firth²,

Blair³

et al. 2010

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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research has revealed a neuroendocrine connection between the skeleton and metabolism. Exercise alters both bone modeling and energy balance and may be useful in further developing our understanding of this complex interplay. However, research in this field requires an animal model of exercise that does not cause a physiological stress response in the exercised subjects. In this study, we develop a model of short-term voluntary exercise in the female rat that causes bone modeling without causing stress. Rats were randomly assigned to one of three age-matched groups: control, tower climbing, and squat exercise (rising to an erect bipedal stance). Exercise for 21 days resulted in bone modeling as assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Fecal corticosterone output was used to assess physiological stress at three time points during the study (preexercise, early exercise, and late in the exercise period). There were no differences in fecal corticosterone levels between groups or time points. This model of voluntary exercise in the rat will be useful for future studies of the influence of exercise on the relationship between skeletal and metabolic health and may be appropriate for investigation of the developmental origins of those effects. computed tomography; corticosterone; exercise; metabolism; stress RECENT ADVANCES IN OUR UNDERSTANDING of the dynamic relationship between body structure and metabolism have revealed a neuroendocrine connection between bone remodeling and energy balance, with both bone and fat acting as endocrine organs (14). The osteoblast-specific protein osteocalcin regulates glucose handling through effects on insulin secretion and sensitivity (33). This action is in turn mediated by the adipokine leptin, which inhibits insulin secretion through direct effects on pancreatic ␤-cells (18) and through inhibition of osteocalcin activity (25). The interplay between bone and metabolism has recently been further elucidated by the discovery that the Forkhead family transcription factor FoxO1, a key regulator of insulin handling in multiple tissues, also acts within the osteoblast to control osteocalcin expression and bioactivity (46).Exercise stimulates modeling of the musculoskeletal system (19, 55, 65), alters metabolism (40), and enhances brain function (17), and thus exercise provides an excellent means of exploring the neuroendocrine connection between bone, fat, and energy balance. The rat model of exercise has been used extensively to study the physiological effects of physical activity using such exercise modalities as swimming (24, 32), running (20,29,41,49,52), jumping (57), tower climbing (43), rising to an erect bipedal stance (11, 64), and weight lifting (62). The effects of exercise on bone have been widely characterized in the rat. Ovariectomized rats undergo changes in bone structure that are nearly identical to those seen in human osteoporosis (28,42), and these animals have proven useful for the study of exercise interventions in osteoporosis treatment (36).In examini...

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Maternal swimming during pregnancy enhances short-term memory and neurogenesis in the hippocampus of rat pups

Cited by 126 publications

References 52 publications

Perinatal exercise improves glucose homeostasis in adult offspring

Perinatal exercise improves glucose homeostasis in adult offspring

Nurturing brain plasticity: impact of environmental enrichment

Short-term voluntary exercise in the rat causes bone modeling without initiating a physiological stress response

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