Maternal Social Separation of Adolescent Rats Induces Hyperactivity and Anxiolytic Behavior

Kwak, Hyong Ryol; Lee, Jae Won; Kwon, Kwang-Jun; Kang, Chang Don; Cheong, Il Young; Wang, Chun; Kim, Sung‐Soo; Lee, Hee Jae

doi:10.4196/kjpp.2009.13.2.79

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Likewise, high impulsivity and hyperactivity levels have been reported by Kwak et al. [24] using the EPM and others tests. Marín and Planeta [41] reported alterations in MS animals only during adolescence, as this effect became lost during adulthood.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Structural and physiological disruption in hippocampus has been found in rodents, especially in CA1 and CA3 neuron density and synapsis formation [18], [19], [20], [21], [22]. In relation with mPFC, mice and rats separated from their mothers present changes in neuron and glia development [23], [24], which may carry cortical hypofunction associated whit GABA transmission disruption [25], [26]. Concerning the amygdala, GABA-A and benzodiazepine (BZ) binding site alterations have been reported [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal Separation during Breastfeeding Induces Gender-Dependent Changes in Anxiety and the GABA-A Receptor Alpha-Subunit in Adult Wistar Rats

Rodríguez

Dueñas

2013

PLoS ONE

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Different models of rodent maternal separation (MS) have been used to investigate long-term neurobiological and behavioral changes, associated with early stress. However, few studies have involved the analysis of sex-related differences in central anxiety modulation. This study investigated whether MS during breastfeeding affected adult males and females in terms of anxiety and brain GABA-A receptor-alpha-subunit immunoreactivity. The brain areas analyzed were the amygdale (AM), hippocampus (HP), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), medial preoptic area (POA) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Rats were housed under a reversed light/dark cycle (lights off at 7∶00 h) with access to water and food ad libitum. Animals underwent MS twice daily during the dark cycle from postnatal day 1 to postnatal day 21. Behavior was tested when rats were 65–70 days old using the elevated plus maze and after brains were treated for immunohistochemistry. We found that separated females spent more time in the open arms and showed more head dipping behavior compared with controls. The separated males spent more time in the center of the maze and engaged in more stretching behavior than the controls. Immunohistochemistry showed that separated females had less immunostained cells in the HP, mPFC, PVN and POA, while separated males had fewer immunolabeled cells in the PFC, PVN and AM. These results could indicate that MS has gender-specific effects on anxiety behaviors and that these effects are likely related to developmental alterations involving GABA-A neurotransmission.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Separation during Breastfeeding Induces Gender-Dependent Changes in Anxiety and the GABA-A Receptor Alpha-Subunit in Adult Wistar Rats

Rodríguez

Dueñas

2013

PLoS ONE

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“…Interestingly, this was accompanied by an increased number of S100β + cells (Braun et al, ), indicating a differential effect of stress on the expression of different astrocyte markers. In contrast to the reduced GFAP signal measured within 24 hr after the stressor, when GFAP expression was measured a few days or weeks after the end of the deprivation or separation period, an increase in the number of GFAP + cells or GFAP expression was found in the hippocampus (Llorente et al, ; Réus et al, ), cerebellum (Llorente et al, ), and prefrontal cortex (Kwak et al, ). Together these results show that MD/MS leads to an acute reduction in GFAP, followed by an increase of GFAP when a longer period between stress and measurement was applied.…”

Section: Ela Induced Alterations In Astrocytesmentioning

confidence: 94%

The involvement of astrocytes in early‐life adversity induced programming of the brain

Abbink

Deijk

Heine

et al. 2019

Glia

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Early‐life adversity (ELA) in the form of stress, inflammation, or malnutrition, can increase the risk of developing psychopathology or cognitive problems in adulthood. The neurobiological substrates underlying this process remain unclear. While neuronal dysfunction and microglial contribution have been studied in this context, only recently the role of astrocytes in early‐life programming of the brain has been appreciated. Astrocytes serve many basic roles for brain functioning (e.g., synaptogenesis, glutamate recycling), and are unique in their capacity of sensing and integrating environmental signals, as they are the first cells to encounter signals from the blood, including hormonal changes (e.g., glucocorticoids), immune signals, and nutritional information. Integration of these signals is especially important during early development, and therefore we propose that astrocytes contribute to ELA induced changes in the brain by sensing and integrating environmental signals and by modulating neuronal development and function. Studies in rodents have already shown that ELA can impact astrocytes on the short and long term, however, a critical review of these results is currently lacking. Here, we will discuss the developmental trajectory of astrocytes, their ability to integrate stress, immune, and nutritional signals from the early environment, and we will review how different types of early adversity impact astrocytes.

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“…MS rats by Lee et al. have also shown increased anxiety‐ and depression‐related behaviors and alterations of stress‐related neurobiological parameters .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Increased Activation of Synapsin 1 and Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinases/Extracellular Signal‐Regulated Kinase in the Amygdala of Maternal Separation Rats

et al. 2013

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Maternal Social Separation of Adolescent Rats Induces Hyperactivity and Anxiolytic Behavior

Cited by 28 publications

References 29 publications

Maternal Separation during Breastfeeding Induces Gender-Dependent Changes in Anxiety and the GABA-A Receptor Alpha-Subunit in Adult Wistar Rats

Maternal Separation during Breastfeeding Induces Gender-Dependent Changes in Anxiety and the GABA-A Receptor Alpha-Subunit in Adult Wistar Rats

The involvement of astrocytes in early‐life adversity induced programming of the brain

Increased Activation of Synapsin 1 and Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinases/Extracellular Signal‐Regulated Kinase in the Amygdala of Maternal Separation Rats

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