Maternal smoking during pregnancy, urine cotinine concentrations, and birth outcomes. A prospective cohort study

Wang, X; Tager, Ira B.; Vunakis, Helen Van; Speizer, Frank E.; Hanrahan, John P.

doi:10.1093/ije/26.5.978

Cited by 186 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Some studies 11,15,19,26,32,33) had examined the effect of ETSexposure measured by biochemical markers on fetal growth, but the findings were still conflicting. Biochemical markers could be regarded as objective and quantitative ETS-indicators, but could only provide ETS-exposure measured within a limited time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Active and Passive Smoking and Fetal Growth: A Prospective Study in Nagoya, Japan.

Matsubara

Kida²,

Tamakoshi

et al. 2000

Journal of Epidemiology

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In order to examine the effect of maternal active and passive smoking on fetal growth, we carried out a population-based cohort study. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 15,207 women who notified their pregnancy from April, 1989 to March, 1991. A total of 7,411 mother-singleton infant pairs were analyzed in this study. Paternal smoking status and maternal hours exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) were used as indicators of passive smoking.Infants born to active smoking mothers were 96 g lighter, on an average, at birth than those born to non-smokers, and the relative risk for intrauterine growth retardation was 1.79 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05-3.04) among active smoking mothers.Infants with smoking fathers weighted 11 g lighter, on an average, than those with non-smoking fathers, and mean birth weight of infants was reduced by 19 g among mothers exposed to ETS. The relative risk for intrauterine growth retardation in non-smoking pregnants with a smoking husband and those exposed to ETS was 0.95 (95% Cl = 0.72-1.26) and 0.95 (95% Cl = 0.71-1.26), respectively. Our findings indicated an adverse effect of maternal active smoking on fetal growth in Japanese pregnant population, but with small influence of maternal passive smoking.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Active and Passive Smoking and Fetal Growth: A Prospective Study in Nagoya, Japan.

Matsubara

Kida²,

Tamakoshi

et al. 2000

Journal of Epidemiology

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“…Os níveis de cotinina urinária foram expressos em ng/mL. O ponto de corte da cotinina urinária para tabagismo passivo foi 25 ng/mL 14 . Os níveis de CAT e EOT foram medidos pelos métodos de Erel (Rel Assay Diagnostics, Gaziantep, Turquia), que são automatizados e colorimétricos [15][16][17] .…”

Section: Métodos Analíticosunclassified

Increased oxidative stress in preschool children exposed to passive smoking

et al. 2011

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Objectives: To study the effect of passive cigarette smoking on plasma oxidative and antioxidative status in passive smoking preschool children and to compare them with controls.Methods: Thirty-four passive smoking (five to 50 cigarettes per day) preschool children (study group) and 32 controls who had never been exposed to cigarette smoke were randomly chosen from children aged from 4 to 6 years. Urinary cotinine and plasma indicators of oxidative and antioxidative status, i.e., total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and oxidative stress index (OSI), were determined.Results: Mean environmental cigarette consumption was 22±13 cigarettes per day in passive smoking children. Mean urinary cotinine levels were 77.6±41.4 ng/mL and 11.9±2.3 ng/mL in the study and control groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Mean plasma TAC levels were 0.95±0.13 mmol Trolox equivalent/L and 1.01±0.09 mmol Trolox equivalent/L, respectively (p = 0.039). Mean plasma TOS levels were 28.6±7.9 µmol H 2 O 2 equivalent/L and 18.5±6.3 µmol H 2 O 2 equivalent/L, respectively (p < 0.001). Mean OSI levels were 3.08±0.98 arbitrary units and 1.84±0.64 arbitrary units, respectively (p < 0.001). A small amount of cigarette smoke (five to 10 cigarettes per day) causes considerable oxidative stress. There were significant correlations between number of cigarettes consumed and oxidant status and OSI levels. Conclusions:Passive smoke is a potent oxidant in preschool children. Its deleterious effects are not limited just to heavy passive smoking, but also occur with exposure to small amounts of smoke.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2011;87(6):523-8: Antioxidants, cotinine, oxidants, passive smoking, preschool children. ResumoObjetivos: Estudar o efeito do fumo passivo sobre o estado plasmático oxidativo e antioxidativo em pré-escolares fumantes passivos e compará-los com controles. Métodos:Trinta e quatro pré-escolares fumantes passivos (cinco a 50 cigarros/dia) (grupo de estudo) e 32 controles que nunca estiveram expostos à fumaça de cigarro foram escolhidos aleatoriamente entre crianças de 4 a 6 anos. Foram determinados os níveis de cotinina uriná-ria e de indicadores do estado oxidativo e antioxidativo, isto é, estado oxidante total (EOT), capacidade antioxidante total (CAT) e índice de estresse oxidativo (IEO). Resultados:A média do consumo ambiental de cigarros foi de 22±13 cigarros por dia nas crianças fumantes passivas. Os níveis médios de cotinina urinária foram 77,6±41,4 ng/mL e 11,9±2,3 ng/mL nos grupos de estudo e controle, respectivamente (p < 0,001). Os níveis médios da CAT plasmática foram 0,95±0,13 mmol equivalente de Trolox/L e 1,01±0,09 mmol equivalente de Trolox/L, respectivamente (p = 0,039). Os níveis médios de EOT plasmático foram 28,6±7,9 µmol H 2 O 2 equivalente/L e 18,5±6,3 µmol H 2 O 2 equivalente/L, respectivamente (p < 0,001). Os níveis médios de IEO foram 3,08±0,98 unidade arbitrária e 1,84±0,64 unidade arbitrária, respectivamente (p < 0,001). Uma pequena quantidade de fumaça de cigarro (cinco a 10 cigarros/dia) c...

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“…Biomarkers are less liable to these types of error, but may not be sufficiently sensitive to detect very low exposures. Cotinine (a metabolite of nicotine ) in body fluids has been used in many studies for the assessment of ETS (Strachan et al, 1989;Benowitz and Jacob, 1993;Crawford et al, 1994;Haddow et al, 1994;Wang et al, 1997 ) , but its short half -life and the metabolic variability in clearance rates among individuals are some of the disadvantages (Coultas et al, 1990;Idle, 1990;Nelson, 1994 ). Levels of nicotine in hair may be a good alternative indicator for assessment of exposure ( Nafstad et al, 1995;Dimich-Ward et al, 1997;Pichini et al, 1997 ) , with the distinct advantage of reflecting long -term exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Questionnaire and hair measurement of exposure to tobacco smoke

Al-Delaimy

Crane

Woodward

2000

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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To assess the relation between nicotine and cotinine levels in hair and reported exposure to environmental tobacco smoke ( ETS ) , hair samples from 112 children ( aged 3 months to 10 years ) and 76 of their mothers were analyzed and information on the smoking habits of household adults in the preceding 6 months recorded. It was found that the levels of nicotine in children's hair were related to the number of smokers in the house, and increased with the total number of cigarettes smoked by all household adults ( P < 0.0001 ) . In a multiple regression analysis, mother's smoking was much more a contributor to children's nicotine levels than smoking by the father or other household adults. Cotinine levels were less strongly associated with reported ETS exposure than nicotine. There was a strong correlation between nicotine hair levels in children and mothers ( r s = 0.7, P < 0.0001 ) . However, nicotine levels in the hair of active smokers were not correlated with the reported number of cigarettes they smoked per day. In this population, there was a consistent relation between exposure to ETS ( assessed by questionnaire ) and dose ( as measured by nicotine in hair ) . We conclude that hair nicotine levels rather than hair cotinine levels provide an informative and objective measure of ETS exposure. The number of cigarettes smoked by active smokers may not be an accurate measure of the total nicotine levels in their bodies.

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Maternal smoking during pregnancy, urine cotinine concentrations, and birth outcomes. A prospective cohort study

Abstract: These data suggest that preventing and reducing active maternal smoking during pregnancy may have a beneficial impact on infant size at birth.

Cited by 186 publications

References 34 publications

Maternal Active and Passive Smoking and Fetal Growth: A Prospective Study in Nagoya, Japan.

Maternal Active and Passive Smoking and Fetal Growth: A Prospective Study in Nagoya, Japan.

Increased oxidative stress in preschool children exposed to passive smoking

Questionnaire and hair measurement of exposure to tobacco smoke

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