Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring overweight: is there a dose–response relationship? An individual patient data meta-analysis

Albers, Lucia; Sobotzki, Christina; Kuß, Oliver; Ajslev, Teresa Adeltoft; Batista, Rosângela Fernandes Lucena; Bettiol, Heloísa; Brabin, Bernard; Buka, Stephen L.; Cardoso, Viviane C.; Clifton, Vicki L.; Devereux, Graham; Gilman, Stephen E.; Grzeskowiak, Luke E.; Heinrich, Joachim; Hummel, Sandra; Jacobsen, Geir; Jones, Graeme; Koshy, Gibby; Morgen, Camilla Schmidt; Oken, Emily; Paus, Tomáš; Pausová, Zdenka; Rifas‐Shiman, Sheryl L.; Sharma, Andrea J.; Silva, Antônio Augusto Moura da; Sørensen, Thorkild I A; Thiering, Elisabeth; Turner, Steven; Vik, Torstein; Kries, Rüdiger von

doi:10.1038/s41366-018-0050-0

Cited by 47 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…Several EWAS studies have found an association between maternal smoking and altered DNA methylation in cord blood [66], an effect that can persist postnatally [67] and into adulthood [68]. Maternal smoking has previously been linked to offspring obesity, with a linear dose-dependent effect, plateauing at 15 cigarettes or more per day [69]. Data from multiple studies and meta-analyses suggest a causative link between maternal smoking and increased risk of obese or overweight offspring [70].…”

Section: Epigenetic Variation In Utero and Metabolic Programmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrauterine programming of obesity and type 2 diabetes

et al. 2019

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The type 2 diabetes epidemic and one of its predisposing factors, obesity, are major influences on global health and economic burden. It is accepted that genetics and the current environment contribute to this epidemic; however, in the last two decades, both human and animal studies have consolidated considerable evidence supporting the 'developmental programming' of these conditions, specifically by the intrauterine environment. Here, we review the various in utero exposures that are linked to offspring obesity and diabetes in later life, including epidemiological insights gained from natural historical events, such as the Dutch Hunger Winter, the Chinese famine and the more recent Quebec Ice Storm. We also describe the effects of gestational exposure to endocrine disruptors, maternal infection and smoking to the fetus in relation to metabolic programming. Causal evidence from animal studies, motivated by human observations, is also discussed, as well as some of the proposed underlying molecular mechanisms for developmental programming of obesity and type 2 diabetes, including epigenetics (e.g. DNA methylation and histone modifications) and microRNA interactions. Finally, we examine the effects of non-pharmacological interventions, such as improving maternal dietary habits and/or increasing physical activity, on the offspring epigenome and metabolic outcomes.

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Section: Epigenetic Variation In Utero and Metabolic Programmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrauterine programming of obesity and type 2 diabetes

et al. 2019

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“…Although strategies to prevent smoking are globally implemented, up to 25% of women in Western countries smoke during pregnancy [2]. This is a major public health concern, particularly since smoking during pregnancy not only affects women's own health but is also associated with adverse birth and offspring outcomes, such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and childhood overweight [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Preterm birth and low birth weight are major causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality, and childhood overweight is related to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, premature death, and disability in adulthood [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in parental smoking during pregnancy and risks of adverse birth outcomes and childhood overweight in Europe and North America: An individual participant data meta-analysis of 229,000 singleton births

et al. 2020

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“…By using only Swedish‐born children, we were able to obtain data from the Medical Birth Registry about the smoking habits of the mother. As nicotine dose‐dependently decreases intrauterine growth and post‐natal height, and increases post‐natal weight gain, only infants born to non‐smoking mothers were selected 25 . Support for the selection of this population comes from comparisons of children born to smoking and non‐smoking mothers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The selection of children born to Nordic parents served to reduce the influence of variations in ethnicity on the pace and magnitude of secular trends, 16 as well as reducing the impact of differences in body composition due to ethnicity, as suggested by Saari et al 24By using only Swedish-born children, we were able to obtain data from the Medical Birth Registry about the smoking habits of the mother. As nicotine dose-dependently decreases intrauterine growth and post-natal height, and increases post-natal weight gain, only infants born to non-smoking mothers were selected 25. Support for the selection of this population comes from comparisons of children born to smoking and non-smoking mothers.…”

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confidence: 99%

Swedish references for weight, weight‐for‐height and body mass index: The GrowUp 1990 Gothenburg study

et al. 2020

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Aim To update the Swedish references for weight, weight‐for‐height and body mass index (BMI) considering the secular trend for height but not including that for weight. Methods Longitudinal measures of height and weight were obtained (0‐18 years) from 1418 (698 girls) healthy children from the GrowUp 1990 Gothenburg cohort born at term to non‐smoking mothers and Nordic parents. A total of 145 individuals with extreme BMI value vs GrowUp 1974 BMI SDS reference were excluded (0‐2 years: ±4SDS, 2 < years: −3SDS, +2.3SDS). References were constructed using the LMS method. Results The updated weight reference became similar to the GrowUp 1974 Gothenburg reference: BMI increased rapidly up to lower levels in the 1990 cohort during infancy/early childhood, similar in both groups in late childhood/adolescence, despite lower values at +2SDS. Compared with the WHO weight standard, median and −2SDS weight values were higher for the 1990 cohort, whereas +2SDS values were lower, resulting in narrower normal range. Median values were greater and ±2SDS narrower for the 1990 vs the WHO weight‐for‐height reference. International Obesity Task force (IOTF) BMI lines for definitions for over‐ and underweight were added. Conclusion We present updated references for weight, weight‐for‐height and BMI, providing a healthy goal for weight development when monitoring growth within healthcare settings.

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Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring overweight: is there a dose–response relationship? An individual patient data meta-analysis

Abstract: A linear dose-response relationship of maternal smoking was observed in the range of 1-15 cigarettes per day equally in boys and girls with no further risk increase for doses above 15 cigarettes.

Cited by 47 publications

References 85 publications

Intrauterine programming of obesity and type 2 diabetes

Intrauterine programming of obesity and type 2 diabetes

Changes in parental smoking during pregnancy and risks of adverse birth outcomes and childhood overweight in Europe and North America: An individual participant data meta-analysis of 229,000 singleton births

Swedish references for weight, weight‐for‐height and body mass index: The GrowUp 1990 Gothenburg study

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