2008
DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2007.03.009
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Maternal smoking during pregnancy and behaviour problems in a birth cohort of 2-year-old Pacific children in New Zealand

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Cited by 40 publications
(30 citation statements)
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“…Children as young as 18-24 months show increases in externalizing behaviors (Stene-Larsen et al, 2009;Wakschlag et al, 2006a) as well as internalizing and total problem scores following prenatal tobacco exposure (Carter et al, 2008). A study of 3-year-olds exposed gestationally to tobacco determined that increases in oppositional behavior were correlated to third trimester exposure .…”
Section: Tobacco/nicotinementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Children as young as 18-24 months show increases in externalizing behaviors (Stene-Larsen et al, 2009;Wakschlag et al, 2006a) as well as internalizing and total problem scores following prenatal tobacco exposure (Carter et al, 2008). A study of 3-year-olds exposed gestationally to tobacco determined that increases in oppositional behavior were correlated to third trimester exposure .…”
Section: Tobacco/nicotinementioning
confidence: 99%
“…PCSE affects central nervous system (CNS) development, predisposing the offspring to neurobehavioral deficits manifested as irritability and difficult temperament during infancy and poor self-regulation during childhood (Stroud et al, 2009). PCSE is consistently associated with behaviors such as hyperactivity and attention deficits (Button et al, 2005; Kotimaa et al, 2003; Langley et al, 2008; Thapar et al, 2003), and predicts other difficulties in self-regulation, such as aggressive behavior (Brion et al, 2010; Carter et al, 2008; Cornelius et al, 2007; Day et al, 2000; Gatzke-Kopp and Beauchaine, 2007; Huijbregts et al, 2008; Ruckinger et al, 2010), antisocial behavior (Ernst et al, 2001; Wakschlag et al, 2002) and conduct problems in childhood (Baler et al, 2008; Fergusson et al, 2007; Maughan et al, 2004) and adolescence (Wakschlag et al, 2002, 2006). However, few studies have examined the relations between PCSE and these outcomes in young adulthood.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, most of the studies (70.8%) included in this review utilized the purposive sampling method. A randomized sampling approach would significantly reduce bias in the results and increase the generalizability of the results [24].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%