Maternal Smoking Does Not Influence Vitamin A and E Concentrations in Mature Breastmilk

Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz, Agnieszka; Zagierski, Maciej; Łuczak, Grazyna; Macur, Katarzyna; Bączek, Tomasz; Kamińska, Barbara

doi:10.1089/bfm.2011.0058

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…In our study, the median colostrum α-tocopherol concentrations (645 μg/100 mL) were similar to those reported in different groups of Chinese lactating women [ 58 , 59 ] and Polish women [ 48 ], but lower than those from German [ 26 ] and Brazilian mothers [ 60 ], and higher than those of Tunisian [ 39 ], Japanese [ 53 ], and Inner Mongolia mothers in China [ 22 ]. Our results in mature milk (30–240 days postpartum ) align well to published data [ 22 , 25 , 26 , 36 , 38 , 48 , 53 , 56 , 57 ]. Intra-country variability was also found, with the highest levels of tocopherols (26.8 mg α-tocopherol) found in mothers from Suzhou.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The changes in milk composition depending on different factors, such as stage of lactation or duration of the feeding [ 24 , 25 , 26 ], maternal diet, supplementation, and nutritional status [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ] have been demonstrated. In recent years, association studies have found other potential factors influencing the concentrations of vitamins in breast milk, including maternal socio-economic [ 36 , 37 , 38 ], obstetric, or physiological factors [ 24 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 39 , 40 ]. Indeed, maternal socio-economic and obstetric factors are changing in China, such as the rate of cesarean delivery, which increased from 3.4% in 1988 to 39.3% in 2008 [ 41 ] and to 54.5% in 2011 [ 42 ]; as well as the increase in inappropriate gestational weight gain (GWG).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concentrations of Carotenoids and Tocopherols in Breast Milk from Urban Chinese Mothers and Their Associations with Maternal Characteristics: A Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2017

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Milk composition remains the best estimate of infant requirements. The aims of this study were to quantify carotenoids and tocopherols in human milk from healthy Chinese mothers, and to explore their associations with lactation stage, region, socio-economic and obstetric characteristics, and dietary intake. Human milk was obtained from 509 healthy mothers, and concentrations of carotenoids and tocopherols were analyzed by Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The mothers’ socio-economic and obstetric characteristics and dietary intake through a single 24-h dietary recall were evaluated. The median concentrations (μg/100 mL) of each component of 0–4 days, 5–11 days, 12–30 days, 31–60 days, 61–120 days, and 121–240 days postpartum were respectively as follows: β-carotene 8.0, 2.8, 2.1, 1.7, 1.9, 1.8; β-cryptoxanthin 6.2, 3.4, 2.4, 1.7, 1.8, 2.1; lutein 5.7, 7.0, 2.2, 2.9, 2.8, 3.7; lycopene 6.3, 2.5, 1.8, 1.4, 1.4, 1.5; zeaxanthin 1.0, 1.4, 0.8, 0.8, 1.0, 1.1; α-tocopherol 645, 382, 239, 206, 212, 211; γ-tocopherol 68, 63, 70, 73, 68, 88. The levels of those components varied significantly among different lactation stages and presented regional differences. Associations of carotenoid contents with maternal education, delivery mode, and present body mass index were found in multivariate analyses. These results suggested that lactation stage, region, and socio-economic and obstetric factors were associated with human milk concentrations of carotenoids and tocopherols in healthy Chinese mothers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations of Carotenoids and Tocopherols in Breast Milk from Urban Chinese Mothers and Their Associations with Maternal Characteristics: A Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2017

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“…In our study, the median colostrum α-tocopherol concentrations (645 μg/100mL) were similar to those reported in different groups of Chinese lactating women [65,66] and Polish women [60], but lower than those from German [40] and Brazilian [67], and higher than those of Tunisian [51], Japanese [35], and Inner Mongolia in China [30]. Our results in mature milk (30-240 days postpartum) align well to published data [30,34,35,39,40,50,60,63,64]. Intra-country variability was also found with the highest levels of tocopherols (26.8 mg ɑ -tocopherol) found in mothers from Suzhou.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The changes in milk composition depending on different factors such as stage of lactation or duration of the feeding [38][39][40], maternal diet, supplementation and nutritional status [36,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] have been demonstrated. In recent years, association studies have found other potential factors influencing the concentrations of vitamins in breast milk, including maternal socio-economic [34,49,50], obstetric or physiological factors [34,38,48,49,51,52]. Indeed, maternal socio-economic and obstetric factors are changing in China, such as the rate of cesarean delivery, which increased from 3.4 % in 1988 to 39.3 % in 2008 [53] and to 54.5 % in 2011 [54]; as well as the increase in inappropriate gestational weight gain (GWG), partly due to over nutrition and rising of different dietary habits [55], which may have an impact on the micronutrient status of lactating women and the composition Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 6 October 2017 doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0031.v1…”

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confidence: 99%

Concentrations of Carotenoids and Tocopherols in Breast Milk from Urban Chinese Mothers and their Associations with Maternal Characteristics：A Cross-Sectional Study

Xue¹,

Giménez²,

Redeuil³

et al. 2017

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“…Regarding mature milk in the current contribution, the mean concentration of α-tocopherol and retinol for both groups of women (with a normal pregnancy and high-risk pregnancy) is very similar to most reports on these micronutrients. However, for women who, herein, had a high-risk pregnancy, the median concentration of α-tocopherol was higher than that detected in Polish women [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ] and in a group of adolescent mothers in Brazil [ 44 ]. In another study by Tokusoglu et al [ 45 ], the concentration of α-tocopherol in the mature milk of Turkish women was similar to that commonly observed in colostrum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Retinol and α-Tocopherol in the Breast Milk of Women after a High-Risk Pregnancy

et al. 2017

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Background: There is scant information about whether, after a high-risk pregnancy, breast milk provides enough vitamins for assuring satisfactory bodily reserves in newborns. Objective: To comparatively evaluate, in women with high-risk and normal pregnancy, the concentration of retinol and α-tocopherol in breast milk. Methods: This cross-sectional, analytical study was evaluated with reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Informed consent was signed by 95 mothers with a high-risk pregnancy and 32 mothers with a normal pregnancy. From the mothers with a high-risk pregnancy were obtained: 23 samples of colostrum, 24 of transitional milk, and 48 of mature milk. From the normal pregnancy group, 32 mature milk samples were collected. Pregestational Body Mass Index (BMI) and the gestational weight gain were noted. Models of logistic regression were constructed to identify the variables related to a low concentration of either retinol or α-tocopherol in breast milk. Results: The concentration of retinol and α-tocopherol in mature milk was 60 (interquartile range (IQR), 41–90) and 276 (103–450) μg/dL, respectively, for the high-risk pregnancy group, and 76 (65–91) and 673 (454–866) µg/dL, respectively, for the normal pregnancy group (p = 0.001). The concentration of retinol and α-tocopherol was similar in the subgroups of mothers with different disorders during gestation. A clear correlation was found between a greater pregestational weight and a lower concentration of retinol (Rho = –0.280, p = 0.006), and between α-tocopherol and retinol in all cases (Rho = 0.463, p = 0.001). Among women having a high-risk pregnancy, those delivering prematurely rather than carrying their pregnancy to term had a reduced concentration of retinol (54 (37–78) vs. 70 (49–106) µg/dL; p = 0.002) and a tendency to a lower concentration of α-tocopherol in breast milk (185 (75–410) vs. 339 (160–500) µg/dL; p = 0.053). Compared to mothers with a normal pregnancy, those with a high-risk pregnancy (whether carried to term or ending in preterm delivery) exhibited a reduced concentration of retinol in mature milk (p = 0.003), as well as a tendency to a lower concentration of α-tocopherol (p = 0.054). Conclusion: Even though the women in the high-risk pregnancy group showed a deficiency of vitamins A and E in their breast milk, the unique biological benefits of this milk justify the promotion of breast feeding as the optimal method of nourishing neonates and infants. In these cases, it should be recommended that the woman increase her consumption of certain nutrients during pregnancy. Additionally, after childbirth mothers should consider the use of supplements to produce milk of adequate quality and thus meet the needs of the baby and prevent any deficiency in micronutrients.

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Maternal Smoking Does Not Influence Vitamin A and E Concentrations in Mature Breastmilk

Abstract: Maternal smoking is not reflected by decreased TAS and vitamin A and E concentrations in mature milk.

Cited by 12 publications

References 32 publications

Concentrations of Carotenoids and Tocopherols in Breast Milk from Urban Chinese Mothers and Their Associations with Maternal Characteristics: A Cross-Sectional Study

Concentrations of Carotenoids and Tocopherols in Breast Milk from Urban Chinese Mothers and Their Associations with Maternal Characteristics: A Cross-Sectional Study

Concentrations of Carotenoids and Tocopherols in Breast Milk from Urban Chinese Mothers and their Associations with Maternal Characteristics：A Cross-Sectional Study

Retinol and α-Tocopherol in the Breast Milk of Women after a High-Risk Pregnancy

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