Maternal Smoking Before and During Pregnancy and the Risk of Sudden Unexpected Infant Death

Anderson, Tatiana M.; Ferres, Juan M. Lavista; Ren, Shirley You; Moon, Rachel Y.; Goldstein, Richard D.; Ramírez, Jan Marino; Mitchell, Edwin A.

doi:10.1542/peds.2018-3325

Cited by 141 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy is the greatest modifiable risk factor for SUID, and in fact, any amount of smoking more than doubles the risk. 32 Surprisingly, smoking does not play a significant role in SUENDs that occur in the first 48 hours. The developmental window within which physiologic mechanisms lead to an increased risk of SUID due to smoking starts several days after birth, peaks at ∼3 weeks, and eventually plateaus at a constant, elevated risk.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Populations of Sudden Unexpected Infant Death Based on Age

Ferres

Anderson²,

Johnston

et al. 2020

Pediatrics

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OBJECTIVES: In most recent studies, authors combine all cases of sudden infant death syndrome, other deaths from ill-defined or unknown causes, and accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed as a single population to analyze sudden unexpected infant death (SUID). Our aim with this study is to determine if there are statistically different subcategories of SUID that are based on the age of death of an infant. METHODS: In this retrospective, cross-sectional analysis, we analyzed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Birth Cohort Linked Birth/Infant Death Data Set (2003-2013: 41 125 233 births and 37 624 SUIDs). Logistic regression models were developed to identify subpopulations of SUID cases by age of death, and we subsequently analyzed the effects of a set of covariates on each group. RESULTS: Two groups were identified: sudden unexpected early neonatal deaths (SUENDs; days 0-6) and postperinatal SUIDs (days 7-364). These groups significantly differed in the distributions of assigned International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision code, live birth order, marital status, age of mother, birth weight, and gestational length compared to postperinatal SUIDs (days 7-364). Maternal smoking during pregnancy was not a significant risk factor for deaths that occurred in the first 48 hours. CONCLUSIONS: SUEND should be considered as a discrete entity from postperinatal SUID in future studies. These data could help improve the epidemiological understanding of SUEND and SUID and provide clues to a mechanistic understanding underlying the causes of death.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Populations of Sudden Unexpected Infant Death Based on Age

Ferres

Anderson²,

Johnston

et al. 2020

Pediatrics

Self Cite

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“…In utero tobacco exposure has been linked to IUGR, preterm birth, and low birth weight infants, and is associated with an increased risk of congenital heart disease, orofacial clefts, respiratory infections, poorer cardiovascular and respiratory function, increased rates of sudden unexpected infant death, metabolic syndrome later in life, and poor neurodevelopmental outcome. [90][91][92] Among adults, smokers tend to exhibit higher platelet aggregability compared with nonsmokers 93,94 but no difference of total platelet count, platelet distribution width, MPV, or platelet large cell ratio was confirmed between neonates of smoking and nonsmoking mothers. 95 This finding was further supported in animal models (rats).…”

Section: Smoking During Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 97%

High-Risk Pregnancies and Their Impact on Neonatal Primary Hemostasis

Politou

Mougiou

Kollia

et al. 2019

Semin Thromb Hemost

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Primary hemostasis, similar to other systems in the adjusting and transitioning neonate, undergoes developmental adaptations in the first days of life. Although platelets of neonates do not differ quantitatively compared with those of adults, they functionally present with major differences, thus supporting the theory of a “hypofunctional” phenotype that is counterbalanced by high hematocrit and more potent von Willebrand factor multimers. No clinical effect of bleeding tendency has hence been established so far for healthy term neonates. However, discrepancies in functionality have been noted, associated with gestational age, with more pronounced platelet hyporesponsiveness in preterm neonates. Multiple methods of in vitro platelet function evaluation such as PFA-100/200, platelet aggregometry, flow cytometry, and cone and platelet analyzer have been used for assessment of neonatal primary hemostasis. Several pregnancies are characterized as “high-risk” when risk factors preexist in maternal history or evolve during pregnancy. These pregnancies require specialized observation as they may have unpredictable outcome. High-risk pregnancies include clinical entities such as preeclampsia, pregnancy-induced smoking during pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), autoimmune diseases, and other maternal hematological conditions. In some cases, like systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, and maternal immunologically based thrombocytopenia, neonatal thrombocytopenia is regarded as a prominent hemostasis defect, while in others, like pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia, both quantitative and qualitative disorders of neonatal platelets have been reported. In other pathologies, like GDM, neonatal primary hemostasis remains vastly unexplored, which raises the need for further investigation. The extent to which primary hemostasis is affected in neonates of high-risk pregnancies is the main objective of this narrative review.

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“…Increased knowledge and control mean enhanced parental responsibility. For example, it makes a difference when we know about certain negative effects of smoking during pregnancy in terms of sudden unexpected infant death cases (Anderson et al 2019). The knowledge makes us more responsible, assuming we have some control over our smoking habit.…”

Section: Parental Responsibilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%