Maternal serum oestrogen and androgen concentrations in preeclamptic and uncomplicated pregnancies

Troisi, Rebecca; Potischman, Nancy; Roberts, James M.; Ness, Roberta B.; Crombleholme, William R.; Lykins, David L.; Siiteri, Pentti K.; Hoover, Robert N.

doi:10.1093/ije/dyg094

Cited by 106 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Maternal androgen concentrations by the second half of pregnancy are elevated in preeclampsia (33,34,61,62), although whether levels differ earlier in pregnancy is unclear (63). Normal maternal DHEA levels (the substrate for androgen synthesis) in the presence of elevated androstenedione and testosterone (33) are consistent with in vitro studies showing reduced conversion of androgens to estrogens in placental tissue from preeclamptic pregnancies (64).…”

Section: Prominent Hypotheses To Explain Prenatal Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Maternal urinary estriol excretion declines late in preeclamptic pregnancies (30)(31)(32). However, circulating maternal estrogens near delivery do not seem to be lower in preeclampsia compared with uncomplicated pregnancy (33,34). Alterations in estrogen conjugation in preeclampsia may explain why concentrations are reduced in urine (the conjugated form), but not in maternal serum (33,35).…”

Section: Prominent Hypotheses To Explain Prenatal Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, circulating maternal estrogens near delivery do not seem to be lower in preeclampsia compared with uncomplicated pregnancy (33,34). Alterations in estrogen conjugation in preeclampsia may explain why concentrations are reduced in urine (the conjugated form), but not in maternal serum (33,35). In addition, the limited data are not consistent with lower umbilical cord blood (from here on referred to as ''cord'') estriol, estradiol, and estrone concentrations in preeclampsia (36).…”

Section: Prominent Hypotheses To Explain Prenatal Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has also been suggested that exposure to elevated androgen concentrations mediates the associations of prenatal factors with breast cancer risk (33,58). Siiteri (33) has speculated on a possible role for androgens in decreasing breast cancer risk among daughters born of preeclamptic pregnancies.…”

Section: Prominent Hypotheses To Explain Prenatal Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Exploring the Underlying Hormonal Mechanisms of Prenatal Risk Factors for Breast Cancer: A Review and Commentary

Troisi

Potischman

Hoover

2007

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Prenatal factors have been hypothesized to influence subsequent breast cancer development. Directly evaluating the associations of in utero exposures with risk, however, presents several methodologic and theoretical challenges, including the long induction period between exposure and disease and the lack of certainty regarding the critical timing of exposure. Indirect evaluation of these associations has been achieved by use of proxies such as gestational and neonatal characteristics. Evidence suggests that preeclampsia is associated with a reduced breast cancer risk, whereas high birth weight and dizygotic twinning seem associated with an increased risk. Asians born in Asia have substantially lower breast cancer risks than women born in the West. Although data thus far are few, what exists is not consistent with a unifying hypothesis for a particular biological exposure (such as estrogens or androgens) during pregnancy as mediating the observed associations between pregnancy factors and breast cancer risk. This suggests that additional studies of prenatal factors should seek to broaden the range of hormones, growth, and other endocrine factors that are evaluated in utero. Once candidate biomarkers are identified, assessing them with respect to breast cancer and with intermediate end points in carcinogenesis should be a priority. In addition, investigations should explore the possibility that in utero exposures may not act directly on the breast, but may alter other physiologic pathways such as hormone metabolism that have their effect on risk later in life. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(9):1700 -12)

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Section: Prominent Hypotheses To Explain Prenatal Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Prominent Hypotheses To Explain Prenatal Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prominent Hypotheses To Explain Prenatal Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prominent Hypotheses To Explain Prenatal Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Exploring the Underlying Hormonal Mechanisms of Prenatal Risk Factors for Breast Cancer: A Review and Commentary

Troisi

Potischman

Hoover

2007

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…Other areas for investigation include disruption of genomic imprinting associated with overgrowth syndromes such as Beckwith-Wiedemann and Prader-Willi (27); and genetic susceptibility genes associated with birthweight including human leukocyte antigen-G (28), phosphoglucomutase locus 1 (29), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g2 (30). In addition to the above growth-related genes, several other factors related to birthweight may be important to explore and to determine whether associations have changed over time (31,32), i.e., leptin, adiponectin, and sex steroid hormones. The National Children's Health Study may be ideal for collecting pertinent survey and biological information, prospectively, to understand the influences and biological correlates of high birthweight on health in childhood and adulthood.…”

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confidence: 99%

High Birthweight and Cancer: Evidence and Implications

Ross

2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Pregnancy Characteristics and Maternal Risk of Breast Cancer

Cnattingius

Torrång²,

Ekbom³

et al. 2005

JAMA

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Context During pregnancy, serum levels of estrogen, progesterone, and other hormones are markedly higher than during other periods of life. Pregnancy hormones primarily are produced in the placenta, and signs of placental impairment may serve as indirect markers of hormone exposures during pregnancy. During pregnancy, these markers have been inconsistently associated with subsequent risk of breast cancer in the mother. Objective To examine associations between indirect markers of hormonal exposures, such as placental weight and other pregnancy characteristics, and maternal risk of developing breast cancer. Design and Setting Population-based cohort study using data from the Swedish Birth Register, the Swedish Cancer Register, the Swedish Cause of Death Register, and the Swedish Register of Population and Population Changes. Participants Women included in the Sweden Birth Register who delivered singletons between 1982 and 1989, with complete information on date of birth and gestational age. Women were followed up until the occurrence of breast cancer, death, or end of follow-up (December 31, 2001). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate associations between hormone exposures and risks of breast cancer. Main Outcome Measure Incidence of invasive breast cancer. Results Of 314 019 women in the cohort, 2216 (0.7%) developed breast cancer during the follow-up through 2001, of whom 2100 (95%) were diagnosed before age 50 years. Compared with women who had placentas weighing less than 500 g in 2 consecutive pregnancies, the risk of breast cancer was increased among women whose placentas weighed between 500 and 699 g in their first pregnancy and at least 700 g in their second pregnancy (or vice versa) (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-3.08), and the corresponding risk was doubled among women whose placentas weighed at least 700 g in both pregnancies (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.15-3.64). A high birth weight (Ն4000 g) in 2 successive births was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer before but not after adjusting for placental weight and other covariates (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.76-1.59). Conclusions Placental weight is positively associated with maternal risk of breast cancer. These results further support the hypothesis that pregnancy hormones are important modifiers of subsequent maternal breast cancer risk.

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Maternal serum oestrogen and androgen concentrations in preeclamptic and uncomplicated pregnancies

Abstract: These data do not support the hypothesis that cancer risk in mothers and offspring of preeclamptic pregnancies is explained by exposure to lower maternal blood oestrogen concentrations, but raise the possibility that androgens play a role.

Cited by 106 publications

References 32 publications

Exploring the Underlying Hormonal Mechanisms of Prenatal Risk Factors for Breast Cancer: A Review and Commentary

Exploring the Underlying Hormonal Mechanisms of Prenatal Risk Factors for Breast Cancer: A Review and Commentary

High Birthweight and Cancer: Evidence and Implications

Pregnancy Characteristics and Maternal Risk of Breast Cancer

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