Maternal serum folate species in early pregnancy and risk of preterm birth

Bodnar, Lisa M.; Himes, Katherine P.; Venkataramanan, Raman; Chen, Jia-Yuh; Evans, Rhobert W.; Meyer, Jennifer L.; Simhan, Hyagriv N.

doi:10.3945/ajcn.2010.29675

Cited by 44 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…It was unclear why the 12 SNPs were not independent risk or protective factors, while compound mutations or combined wild-type genotypes increased or decreased the risk of preterm birth. This may be because the folic acid metabolic pathway is very complicated and methods for compensating for deficiencies exist; folic acid metabolism disorder by one or more genetic mutations may be repaired through compensating pathways and folic acid supplementation (Bodnar et al, 2010;Wang and Chen, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between SNPs in genes involved in folate metabolism and preterm birth risk

et al. 2015

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between SNPs in genes involved in folate metabolism and preterm birth risk

et al. 2015

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“…Food folate Bioavailability affected by food matrix, food preparation, and co-nutrients; bioavailability affected by hydrolyzation of the polyglutamate residues; storage, washing, and cooking destroy the vitamin; normal B 12 low-income and less educated women [14]. Supplementation in the preconceptional period seems to be the best effective way to improve folate status within a short time (4-12 weeks).…”

Section: Limitations Advantagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is 5-methyltetrahydrofolate an alternative to folic acid for the prevention of neural tube defects?

Obeid

Holzgreve

Pietrzik

2013

Journal of Perinatal Medicine

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Women have higher requirements for folate during pregnancy. An optimal folate status must be achieved before conception and in the first trimester when the neural tube closes. Low maternal folate status is causally related to neural tube defects (NTDs). Many NTDs can be prevented by increasing maternal folate intake in the preconceptional period. Dietary folate is protective, but recommending increasing folate intake is ineffective on a population level particularly during periods of high demands. This is because the recommendations are often not followed or because the bioavailability of food folate is variable. Supplemental folate [folic acid (FA) or 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-methylTHF)] can effectively increase folate concentrations to the level that is considered to be protective. FA is a synthetic compound that has no biological functions unless it is reduced to dihydrofolate and tetrahydrofolate. Unmetabolized FA appears in the circulation at doses of > 200 μg. Individuals show wide variations in their ability to reduce FA. Carriers of certain polymorphisms in genes related to folate metabolism or absorption can better benefit from 5-methylTHF instead of FA. 5-MethylTHF [also known as (6S)-5-methylTHF] is the predominant natural form that is readily available for transport and metabolism. In contrast to FA, 5-methylTHF has no tolerable upper intake level and does not mask vitamin B 12 deficiency. Supplementation of the natural form, 5-methylTHF, is a better alternative to supplementation of FA, especially in countries not applying a fortification program. Supplemental 5-methylTHF can effectively improve folate biomarkers in young women in early pregnancy in order to prevent NTDs.

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“…Several maternal factors may increase the likelihood of preterm birth including smoking during pregnancy (Simpson, 1957; Schwartz et al, 1972; Berkowitz and Papiernik, 1993; Kaminski, 1997; Shah and Bracken, 2000; Bada et al, 2005; Kyrklund-Blomberg et al, 2005; Ng and Zelikoff, 2007; McCowan et al, 2009; Thiriez et al, 2009), age greater than 35 years (Cnattingius et al, 1992; Fraser et al, 1995; Gilbert et al, 1999; Ananth et al, 2001; Jacobsson et al, 2004), metabolic syndrome (Rey and Couturier, 1994; Catov et al, 2007a,b, 2008, 2010; Edison et al, 2007; Gilbert et al, 2007; Salihu et al, 2008; Chatzi et al, 2009; Ehrenberg et al, 2009; Johnson et al, 2009b), poor nutritional status (Cogswell et al, 2003; Siega-Riz et al, 2006; Bodnar et al, 2010; Czeizel et al, 2010) and mental health (Blondel et al, 1990; Oakley et al, 1990; Bryce et al, 1991; Hedegaard et al, 1996). Several of these factors can also modulate the level of maternal inflammation during pregnancy.…”

Section: The Role Of Modifiersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autism spectrum disorder in children born preterm—role of exposure to perinatal inflammation

Meldrum¹,

Strunk²,

Currie³

et al. 2013

Front. Neurosci.

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is the collective term for neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by qualitative impairments in social interaction, communication, and a restricted range of activities and interests. Many countries, including Australia, have reported a dramatic increase in the number of diagnoses over the past three decades, with current prevalence of ASD at 1 in every 110 individuals (~1%). The potential role for an immune-mediated mechanism in ASD has been implicated by several studies, and some evidence suggests a potential link between prenatal infection-driven inflammation and subsequent development of ASD. Furthermore, a modest number of contemporary studies have reported a markedly increased prevalence of ASD in children born preterm, who are at highest risk of exposure to perinatal inflammation. However, the mechanisms that underpin the susceptibility to infection-driven inflammation during pregnancy and risk of preterm birth, and how these intersect with the subsequent development of ASD in the offspring, is not understood. This review aims to summarize and discuss the potential mechanisms and evidence for the role of prenatal infection on the central nervous system, and how it may increase the susceptibility for ASD pathogenesis in children born preterm.

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Maternal serum folate species in early pregnancy and risk of preterm birth

Abstract: Our results imply that the relative concentrations of folate species may be more critical than total folate in preventing preterm birth. An improved understanding of folate metabolism during pregnancy may lead to targeted intervention strategies that decrease the rate of preterm birth.

Cited by 44 publications

References 30 publications

Association between SNPs in genes involved in folate metabolism and preterm birth risk

Association between SNPs in genes involved in folate metabolism and preterm birth risk

Is 5-methyltetrahydrofolate an alternative to folic acid for the prevention of neural tube defects?

Autism spectrum disorder in children born preterm—role of exposure to perinatal inflammation

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