Maternal Prenatal Weight Gain and Autism Spectrum Disorders

Bilder, Deborah A.; Bakian, Amanda V.; Viskochil, Joseph; Clark, Erin A.S.; Botts, Elizabeth L.; Smith, Ken R.; Pimentel, Richard; McMahon, William M.; Coon, Hilary

doi:10.1542/peds.2013-1188

Cited by 89 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Rodriguez et al 19 found that excessive pregnancy weight gain among obese women increased children's ADHD risk. Bilder et al 38 reported an association between autism spectrum disorder and high pregnancy weight gain, independent of prepregnancy BMI; however, the latter study examined prepregnancy BMI as a continuous variable and did not assess interactions between prepregnancy BMI and weight gain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Child Psychosocial Development at 6 Years of Age

et al. 2015

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BACKGROUND: Both obesity and developmental disabilities have increased in recent decades. Limited studies suggest associations between maternal prepregnancy obesity and child neurodevelopment. METHODS:The Infant Feeding Practices Study II, a US nationally distributed longitudinal study of maternal health and infant health and feeding practices, was conducted from 2005 to 2007. In 2012, mothers were recontacted for information on their children's health and development. We examined associations between maternal prepregnancy BMI and child psychosocial development in 1311 mother-child pairs included in this follow-up study. Children's development was assessed by maternal report of child psychosocial difficulties from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, past developmental diagnoses, and receipt of special needs services.RESULTS: Adjusting for sociodemographic factors, children of obese class II/III mothers (BMI .35.0) had increased odds of emotional symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27-3.98), peer problems (aOR 2.07; 95% CI, 1.26-3.40), total psychosocial difficulties (aOR 2.17; 95% CI, 1.24-3.77), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis (aOR 4.55; 95% CI, 1.80-11.46), autism or developmental delay diagnosis (aOR 3.13; 95% CI, 1.10-8.94), receipt of speech language therapy (aOR 1.93; 95% CI, 1.18-3.15), receipt of psychological services (aOR 2.27; 95% CI, 1.09-4.73), and receipt of any special needs service (aOR 1.99; 95% CI, 1.33-2.97) compared with children of normal weight mothers ). Adjustment for potential causal pathway factors including pregnancy weight gain, gestational diabetes, breastfeeding duration, postpartum depression, and child's birth weight did not substantially affect most estimates.CONCLUSIONS: Children whose mothers were severely obese before pregnancy had increased risk for adverse developmental outcomes.WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Both obesity and developmental disabilities have increased in recent decades; however, the full long-term effects of prepregnancy obesity on a child' s psychosocial development remain unknown. Limited studies suggest associations between maternal prepregnancy obesity and child psychosocial development. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:This study in 6-year-old children provides evidence that severe prepregnancy obesity is associated with adverse child psychosocial outcomes, including attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder. These findings were not explained by many pregnancy and postpartum factors related to maternal obesity or child development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Child Psychosocial Development at 6 Years of Age

et al. 2015

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“…35,36 High maternal BMI related to conception shortly after a previous birth has also been hypothesized to explain the link between short IPI and ASD risk. Both maternal obesity 25 and gestational weight gain 22 have been reported to moderately increase risk of ASD. If a woman has gained substantial weight during her first pregnancy, the probability of high BMI at the start of the second pregnancy after a short IPI will be high.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These covariates have been previously reported to increase risk of ASD. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Change in maternal BMI between the 2 consecutive pregnancies (a proxy for maternal weight retention), birth weight, type of delivery, gestational age, and ASD status of the first child were also included in our analysis because they could possibly influence the length of IPI. We also explored the effect of intermediate variables preterm birth, low birth weight, and mode of delivery of second-born child on the measure of association between IPI and ASD.…”

Section: Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpregnancy Interval and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders

et al. 2015

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OBJECTIVE: To determine whether subsequent births after short and long interpregnancy intervals (IPIs) are associated with risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHOD:We assessed the association between IPI and ASD risk in a cohort of 45 261 children born at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) between 2000 and 2009. Children with ASD were identified from International Classification of Diseases, Revision 9 diagnostic codes 299.0, 299.8, and 299.9 recorded in KPNC electronic medical records. IPI was defined as the time from the birth of the first child to the conception of the second child. Survival analysis and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between IPI and risk of ASD in second-born children.

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“…After excluding 156 duplicate studies and 828 irrelevant topics, 16 papers were identified on maternal obesity and ASD risk in offspring and were subjected to a detailed evaluation. Subsequently, seven studies were excluded because of irrelevant outcomes, including one study assessing maternal weight gain and ASD (Bilder et al 2013). Three reviews, and two news report without any eligible data were excluded as well.…”

Section: Literature Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Maternal Obesity and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Offspring: A Meta-analysis

Liu

et al. 2015

J Autism Dev Disord

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As the link between maternal obesity and risk of autism among offspring is unclear, the present study assessed this association. A systematic search of an electronic database was performed to identify observational studies that examined the association between maternal obesity and autism. The outcome measures were odds ratios comparing offspring autism risk between obese and normal-weight mothers. Five observational studies were included in the meta-analysis. A fixed-effects model was used since low heterogeneity was observed between studies. The pooled adjusted odds ratio was 1.47 (95 % CI 1.24-1.74). The meta-analysis results support an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder in children of women who were obese during pregnancy. However, further study is warranted to confirm these results.

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Maternal Prenatal Weight Gain and Autism Spectrum Disorders

Cited by 89 publications

References 38 publications

Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Child Psychosocial Development at 6 Years of Age

Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Child Psychosocial Development at 6 Years of Age

Interpregnancy Interval and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders

Association Between Maternal Obesity and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Offspring: A Meta-analysis

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