Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and offspring body composition in young adulthood: the modifying role of offspring sex and birth order

Chaparro, M. Pia; Koupil, Ilona; Byberg, Liisa

doi:10.1017/s1368980017002191

Cited by 16 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Human model studies show that maternal anthropometrics and BMI (body mass index) influence offspring development (49, 50). For example, Chaparro et al (11) reported that a high maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with a higher offspring percentage of fat-mass and, therefore lower percentage of lean mass. In the current study, we did not measure maternal anthropometrics either prior to– or during pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic Exercise Preconception and During Pregnancy Enhances Oxidative Capacity in the Hindlimb Muscles of Mice Offspring

Liu

Lee

Feng

et al. 2018

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Liu, J, Lee, I, Feng, H-Z, Galen, SS, Hüttemann, PP, Perkins, GA, Jin, J-P, Hüttemann, M, and Malek, MH. Aerobic exercise preconception and during pregnancy enhances oxidative capacity in the hindlimb muscles of mice offspring. J Strength Cond Res 32(5): 1391-1403, 2018-Little is known about the effect of maternal exercise on offspring skeletal muscle health. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to determine whether maternal exercise (preconception and during pregnancy) alters offspring skeletal muscle capillarity and mitochondrial biogenesis. We hypothesized that offspring from exercised dams would have higher capillarity and mitochondrial density in the hindlimb muscles compared with offspring from sedentary dams. Female mice in the exercise condition had access to a running wheel in their individual cage 30 days before mating and throughout pregnancy, whereas the sedentary group did not have access to the running wheel before mating and during pregnancy. Male offspring from both groups were killed when they were 2 months old, and their tissues were analyzed. The results indicated no significant (p > 0.05) mean differences for capillarity density, capillarity-to-fiber ratio, or regulators of angiogenesis such as VEGF-A and TSP-1. Compared with offspring from sedentary dams, however, offspring from exercised dams had an increase in protein expression of myosin heavy chain type I (MHC I) (∼134%; p = 0.009), but no change in MHC II. For mitochondrial morphology, we found significant (all p-values ≤ 0.0124) increases in mitochondrial volume density (∼55%) and length (∼18%) as well as mitochondria per unit area (∼19%). For mitochondrial enzymes, there were also significant (all p-values ≤ 0.0058) increases in basal citrate synthase (∼79%) and cytochrome c oxidase activity (∼67%) in the nonoxidative muscle fibers as well as increases in basal (ATP) (∼52%). Last, there were also significant mean differences in protein expression for regulators (FIS1, Lon protease, and TFAM) of mitochondrial biogenesis. These findings suggest that maternal exercise before and during pregnancy enhances offspring skeletal muscle mitochondria functionality, but not capillarity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic Exercise Preconception and During Pregnancy Enhances Oxidative Capacity in the Hindlimb Muscles of Mice Offspring

Liu

Lee

Feng

et al. 2018

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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“…The direct association between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and offspring adiposity agreed with previous studies that also assessed body composition using indirect methods, such as DXA and air-displacement plethysmography in childhood (4)(5)(6)(7)28) . We found three studies assessing offspring adiposity in adulthood, but only one considered maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (8) , while the others assessed maternal weight at early or late pregnancy (13,29) . One of them was conducted with 276 adults in Scotland whose skinfold-estimated body fatness was predicted by maternal early pregnancy BMI (13) .…”

Section: Results In the Context Of What Is Knownmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As far as the offspring is concerned, maternal prepregnancy BMI was shown to be associated with adiposity later in life, resulting in a 'vicious cycle of obesity' (4)(5)(6)(7)(8) . Genetic components could partly explain this association (9) , but it is known that epigenetic mechanisms, through metabolic programming during the first 1000 d of life, play an important role on this issue (10,11) .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Several studies reported an association of maternal prepregnancy BMI and offspring adiposity in childhood (4)(5)(6)(7) , but few were conducted in adults (8,13) , and none assessed all body compartments including the visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Increased VAT generates systemic inflammation and has been considered a strong predictor of cardiovascular events, independent of BMI (14) .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Associations of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI with offspring fat-free mass in childhood (5,7) and in early adulthood (8) were less investigated and provided controversial results. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children showed that maternal pre-gestational BMI was directly associated with bone mass in infancy, but it was mainly explained by child's height and weight (16) .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Pre-pregnancy BMI is associated with offspring body composition in adulthood before adiposity-related disorders: a retrospective cohort

Eshriqui

Valente

Folchetti

et al. 2020

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To investigate the association between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and offspring body composition in adulthood. Design: Retrospective cohort. Undergraduates of nutrition or nutritionists were recruited at the baseline of the Nutritionists’ Health Study between 2014 and 2017. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and current life aspects were self-reported through online questionnaires. Three body compartments were dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-determined. The following variables were obtained: body fat (%), fat mass index (FMI) (kg/m2), android-to-gynoid fat ratio, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (cm3), appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) (kg/m2), total bone and femur mineral content (g) and density (g/cm2). Linear regression adjusted according to directed acyclic graphs recommendation was performed. Setting: São Paulo, Brazil. Participants: Healthy non-pregnant women (aged 20–45 years) (n 150). Results: Median age and BMI were 22 years (IQR = 20, 29) and 22·3 kg/m2 (IQR = 20·4, 25·3), respectively. Pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 was reported by 14·7 % of mothers. In fully adjusted models, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with their daughters’ body fat % (β = 0·31; 95 % CI 0·0004, 0·63), FMI (β = 0·17; 95 % CI 0·03, 0·30), android-to-gynoid ratio (β = 0·01; 95 % CI 0·004, 0·02) and VAT (β = 0·09; 95 % CI 0·02, 0·16), but not with total bone density (β = 0·001; 95 % CI –0·003, 0·006) and content (β = 7·13; 95 % CI –4·19, 18·46). Direct association with ASMI was also detected, but lost statistical significance when participants whose mothers were underweight were excluded. Conclusions: Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was directly associated with offspring general and visceral adiposity but seems not to be associated with bone mass. Results reinforce importance of avoiding excess of maternal adiposity, as an attempt to break the vicious cycle of obesity transmission.

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Intergenerational Effects of Health Issues Among Women of Childbearing Age: a Review of the Recent Literature

2018

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Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and offspring body composition in young adulthood: the modifying role of offspring sex and birth order

Cited by 16 publications

References 32 publications

Aerobic Exercise Preconception and During Pregnancy Enhances Oxidative Capacity in the Hindlimb Muscles of Mice Offspring

Aerobic Exercise Preconception and During Pregnancy Enhances Oxidative Capacity in the Hindlimb Muscles of Mice Offspring

Pre-pregnancy BMI is associated with offspring body composition in adulthood before adiposity-related disorders: a retrospective cohort

Intergenerational Effects of Health Issues Among Women of Childbearing Age: a Review of the Recent Literature

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