Maternal Postsecondary Education Associated With Improved Cerebellar Growth After Preterm Birth

Stiver, Mikaela L.; Kamino, Daphne; Guo, Ting; Thompson, Angela; Duerden, Emma G.; Taylor, Margot J.; Tam, Emily

doi:10.1177/0883073815576790

Cited by 8 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…For example, Stiver et al reported a strong association between higher MEL and cerebellar volume at 2 years of age in infants who were born at <32 weeks' GA, despite the fact that these differences were not seen on magnetic resonance imaging done at term CA. 20 Thus, the findings of Stiver et al suggest that MEL may preferentially impact exposures that boost ND outcome after hospital discharge. 20 This speculation is further supported by the concept of scaffolding, for example, wherein parents provide children with the necessary support to accomplish tasks that might otherwise be beyond that child's ability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 Thus, the findings of Stiver et al suggest that MEL may preferentially impact exposures that boost ND outcome after hospital discharge. 20 This speculation is further supported by the concept of scaffolding, for example, wherein parents provide children with the necessary support to accomplish tasks that might otherwise be beyond that child's ability. 21 Lowe et al found that MEL was associated with more complex scaffolding specifically for preterm children, as compared with those born at term and that mothers of the sickest preterm infants who were of high MEL used the most complex scaffolding during play.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal Education Level Predicts Cognitive, Language, and Motor Outcome in Preterm Infants in the Second Year of Life

et al. 2016

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Objective To evaluate the relative impact of maternal education level (MEL) on cognitive, language, and motor outcomes at 20 months’ corrected age (CA) in preterm infants. Study Design A total of 177 preterm infants born between 2008 and 2010 were tested at 20 months’ CA using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-III. Multiple regression analyses were done to determine the relative impact of MEL on cognitive, language, and motor scores. Results Infants born to mothers with high school MEL were 3.74 times more likely to have a subnormal motor index, while those born to mothers with some college and graduate school MEL had reduced odds (0.36 and 0.12, respectively) of having subnormal language index at 20 months. In linear regression, MEL was the strongest predictor of cognitive, language, and motor scores, and graduate school MEL was associated with increases in cognitive, motor, and language scores of 8.49, 8.23, and 15.74 points, respectively. Conclusions MEL is the most significant predictor of cognitive, language, and motor outcome at 20 months’ CA in preterm infants. Further research is needed to evaluate if targeted interventions that focus on early childhood learning and parenting practices can ameliorate the impact of low MEL.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Education Level Predicts Cognitive, Language, and Motor Outcome in Preterm Infants in the Second Year of Life

et al. 2016

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“…Three studies additionally excluded infants with congenital infection (no further definition given). [26][27][28] Only one study tested representativeness of its study population, and there were no differences between included and excluded subjects regarding gender, multiple birth, gestational age, IVH and BPD. 25 Some studies indicated recruitment rates in relation to eligible subjects, which varied considerably (90%/80%, 8 73%, 21 100%, 29 66%, 24 94% 30 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All studies excluded infants with missing parental consent. Three studies additionally excluded infants with congenital infection (no further definition given) 26–28…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2011 Jan;53(1):48–54.‡According to personal communication with the author: MRI were performed at term (SD 5 days) in 93% of infants. The time between term age and imaging day was at most 29 days (in one infant).§Only the percentage of ‘severe brain damage’; IVH °III and/or parenchymal haemorrhage and/or WMD was reported (12%).¶From the original data reported by Tam et al , the infants meeting the inclusion criteria of this review were selected and analysed.**Only the percentage of infants with hydrocortisone treatment was reported 26††Patient characteristics were reported from the original populationbw, birth weight; GA, gestational age at birth; IVH, intraventricular haemorrhage; SGA, small for getational age; UBC, University of British Columbia; UCSF, University of California San Francisco; WMD, white matter disease.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MRI-based brain volumes of preterm infants at term: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Romberg¹,

Wilke²,

Allgaier³

et al. 2022

Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed

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BackgroundMRI allows a detailed assessment of brain structures in preterm infants, outperforming cranial ultrasound. Neonatal MR-based brain volumes of preterm infants could serve as objective, quantitative and reproducible surrogate parameters of early brain development. To date, there are no reference values for preterm infants’ brain volumes at term-equivalent age.ObjectiveSystematic review of the literature to determine reference ranges for MRI-based brain volumes of very preterm infants at term-equivalent age.MethodsPubMed Database was searched on 6 April 2020 for studies reporting MR-based brain volumes on representative unselected populations of very preterm and/or very low birthweight infants examined at term equivalent age (defined as 37–42 weeks mean postmenstrual age at MRI). Analyses were limited to volumetric parameters reported in >3 studies. Weighted mean volumes and SD were both calculated and simulated for each parameter.ResultsAn initial 367 publications were identified. Following application of exclusion criteria, 13 studies from eight countries were included for analysis, yielding four parameters. Weighted mean total brain volume was 379 mL (SD 72 mL; based on n=756). Cerebellar volume was 21 mL (6 mL; n=791), cortical grey matter volume 140 mL (47 mL; n=572) and weighted mean volume of unmyelinated white matter was 195 mL (38 mL; n=499).ConclusionThis meta-analysis reports pooled data on several brain and cerebellar volumes which can serve as reference for future studies assessing MR-based volumetric parameters as a surrogate outcome for neurodevelopment and for the interpretation of individual or cohort MRI-based volumetric findings.

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Association of Preterm Birth and Socioeconomic Status With Neonatal Brain Structure

et al. 2023

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ImportancePreterm birth and socioeconomic status (SES) are associated with brain structure in childhood, but the relative contributions of each during the neonatal period are unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate associations of birth gestational age (GA) and SES with neonatal brain morphology by testing 3 hypotheses: GA and SES are associated with brain morphology; associations between SES and brain morphology vary with GA; and associations between SES and brain structure and morphology depend on how SES is operationalized.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study recruited participants from November 2016 to September 2021 at a single center in the United Kingdom. Participants were 170 extremely and very preterm infants and 91 full-term or near-term infants. Exclusion criteria were major congenital malformation, chromosomal abnormality, congenital infection, cystic periventricular leukomalacia, hemorrhagic parenchymal infarction, and posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation.ExposuresBirth GA and SES, operationalized at the neighborhood level (using the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation), the family level (using parental education and occupation), and subjectively (World Health Organization Quality of Life measure).Main Outcomes and MeasuresBrain volume (85 parcels) and 5 whole-brain cortical morphology measures (gyrification index, thickness, sulcal depth, curvature, surface area) at term-equivalent age (median [range] age, 40 weeks, 5 days [36 weeks, 2 days to 45 weeks, 6 days] and 42 weeks [38 weeks, 2 days to 46 weeks, 1 day] for preterm and full-term infants, respectively).ResultsParticipants were 170 extremely and very preterm infants (95 [55.9%] male; 4 of 166 [2.4%] Asian, 145 of 166 [87.3%] White) and 91 full-term or near-term infants (50 [54.9%] male; 3 of 86 [3.5%] Asian, 78 of 86 [90.7%] White infants) with median (range) birth GAs of 30 weeks, 0 days (22 weeks, 1 day, to 32 weeks, 6 days) and 39 weeks, 4 days (36 weeks, 3 days, to 42 weeks, 1 day), respectively. In fully adjusted models, birth GA was associated with a higher proportion of brain volumes (27 of 85 parcels [31.8%]; β range, −0.20 to 0.24) than neighborhood-level SES (1 of 85 parcels [1.2%]; β = 0.17 [95% CI, −0.16 to 0.50]) or family-level SES (maternal education: 4 of 85 parcels [4.7%]; β range, 0.09 to 0.15; maternal occupation: 1 of 85 parcels [1.2%]; β = 0.06 [95% CI, 0.02 to 0.11] respectively). There were interactions between GA and both family-level and subjective SES measures on regional brain volumes. Birth GA was associated with cortical surface area (β = 0.10 [95% CI, 0.02 to 0.18]) and gyrification index (β = 0.16 [95% CI, 0.07 to 0.25]); no SES measure was associated with cortical measures.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of UK infants, birth GA and SES were associated with neonatal brain morphology, but low GA had more widely distributed associations with neonatal brain structure than SES. Further work is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the association of both GA and SES with early brain development.

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Maternal Postsecondary Education Associated With Improved Cerebellar Growth After Preterm Birth

Cited by 8 publications

References 41 publications

Maternal Education Level Predicts Cognitive, Language, and Motor Outcome in Preterm Infants in the Second Year of Life

Maternal Education Level Predicts Cognitive, Language, and Motor Outcome in Preterm Infants in the Second Year of Life

MRI-based brain volumes of preterm infants at term: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Association of Preterm Birth and Socioeconomic Status With Neonatal Brain Structure

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