“…In 11 series, the pathologic examination was reported as performed but no data were provided 58,59,65,67,69,81,82,87,100,104,106 and in 12 series there was no histopathologic information. 20,56,68,75,85,90,91,95,96,98,99,103…”
The wide heterogeneity in terminology used to describe the grades of accreta placentation and differences in study design limits the evaluation of the accuracy of ultrasound imaging in the screening and diagnosis of placenta accreta. This review emphasizes the need for further prospective studies using a standardized evidence-based approach including a systematic correlation between ultrasound signs of placenta accreta and detailed clinical and pathologic examinations at delivery.
“…In 11 series, the pathologic examination was reported as performed but no data were provided 58,59,65,67,69,81,82,87,100,104,106 and in 12 series there was no histopathologic information. 20,56,68,75,85,90,91,95,96,98,99,103…”
The wide heterogeneity in terminology used to describe the grades of accreta placentation and differences in study design limits the evaluation of the accuracy of ultrasound imaging in the screening and diagnosis of placenta accreta. This review emphasizes the need for further prospective studies using a standardized evidence-based approach including a systematic correlation between ultrasound signs of placenta accreta and detailed clinical and pathologic examinations at delivery.
“…In women with placenta accreta, HCG and HPL cpRNA were increased compared with women with placenta praevia without invasion and when ultrasound discrimination was inconclusive . In addition, expression of HCG and HPL was highest in women who subsequently had massive intra‐operative blood loss or required hysterectomy compared with those whose uterus was amenable to conservation, suggesting increased expression correlated with the degree of placental invasion …”
Section: Biomarkers For Placental and Fetal Healthmentioning
Circulating nucleic acids have revolutionized prenatal diagnosis in the last decade, allowing non-invasive screening for single gene or chromosomal defects using a single sample of maternal blood. In addition to DNAs, RNAs from the placenta are released into the maternal blood from early in pregnancy and may reflect changes in gene expression occurring within the placenta. Measuring circulating RNA may therefore provide insights into the placental transcriptome without the need for invasive testing. Combined with advances in next-generation sequencing and molecular analyses, it may be possible to measure circulating RNA to improve our understanding of placental pathology and develop novel non-invasive biomarkers for pregnancy complications and monitoring high-risk pregnancies. This review summarizes the current technologies available and the studies that have measured circulating placental RNA to predict and/or monitor pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, early pregnancy complications, invasive placentation and twin-twin transfusion syndrome. Prospective cohort studies are now required to validate these findings to determine the clinical applicability of measuring circulating placental RNA to develop novel biomarkers for a wide spectrum of pregnancy complications.
“…Second‐trimester maternal serum levels of AFP are increased, and first‐trimester serum β‐hCG is decreased in women with PAS, compared with those with non‐accreta placenta previa. An increased level of cell‐free β‐hCG mRNA has also been found in the plasma of women with PAS disorder . The aim of the present study was to further assess the association between levels of serum markers measured as part of the triple test in the second trimester (hCG, AFP, and estriol) and the prenatal diagnosis of PAS disorders.…”
Section: Clinical Characteristics and Hormonal Valuesmentioning
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