Maternal Perchlorate Levels in Women With Borderline Thyroid Function During Pregnancy and the Cognitive Development of Their Offspring: Data From the Controlled Antenatal Thyroid Study

Taylor, Peter N.; Okosieme, Onyebuchi; Murphy, Rhian; Hales, C. N.; Chiusano, Elisabetta; Maina, Aldo; Joomun, Mohamed; Bestwick, Jonathan P.; Smyth, P. P. A.; Paradice, Ruth; Channon, Sue; Braverman, Lewis E.; Dayan, Colin; Lazarus, John H.; Pearce, Elizabeth N.

doi:10.1210/jc.2014-1901

Cited by 81 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In a large cohort of hypothyroid/hypothyroxinemic pregnant women in the multicentre Controlled Antenatal Thyroid Screening Study (CATS), a retrospective analysis aimed at evaluating the impact of maternal perchlorate in the first trimester of pregnancy, demonstrated a significant association with reduced Intelligence Quotient in the offsprings. It is worth noticing that the Intelligence Quotient was in the lower 10 percentile in the offspring of mothers with the highest perchlorate levels [25].…”

Section: Industrial Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Disrupting Chemicals

Calsolaro

Pasqualetti

Niccolai

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Endocrine disruptor compounds are exogenous agents able to interfere with a gland function, exerting their action across different functional passages, from the synthesis to the metabolism and binding to receptors of the hormone produced. Several issues such as different levels and time of exposure and different action across different ages as well as gender, make the study of endocrine disruptors still a challenge. Thyroid is very sensitive to the action of disruptors, and considering the importance of a correct thyroid function for physical and cognitive functioning, addressing this topic should be considered a priority. In this review we examined the most recent studies, many of them concentrating on maternal and child exposure, conducted to assess the impact of industrial chemicals which showed an impact on thyroid function. So far, the number of studies conducted on that topic is not sufficient to provide solid conclusions and lead to homogeneous guidelines. The lack of uniformity is certainly due to differences in areas and populations examined, the different conditions of exposures and the remarkable inter-subject variability. Nonetheless, the European Commission for Health and Food Safety is implementing recommendations to ensure that substances identified as endocrine disruptors will be withdrawn from the market.

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Section: Industrial Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Disrupting Chemicals

Calsolaro

Pasqualetti

Niccolai

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…However, it is also possible that the model overpredicts the effects of low-dose perchlorate exposures due to it being calibrated with the data from Téllez-Téllez et al (2005), which did not take into account possible co-exposures to other goitrogens in the Chilean populations. This concern is acknowledged in Taylor et al (2014), when the authors state as one of the limitations of their study (which found fetal effects in iodine deficient women), "…it is equally possible that perchlorate exposure is a surrogate marker for other environmental contaminants or for a combination of multiple other factors which act as disruptors of the fetal/neo-natal thyroid." As with much of the data generated for understanding the risks of perchlorate exposure, considerable uncertainty remains; either the model is overpredicting effects, or it is accurate and the Braverman et al study simply did not have the power to detect such an effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine supplementation and drinking-water perchlorate mitigation

Lewandowski

Peterson

Charnley³

2015

Food and Chemical Toxicology

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Ensuring adequate iodine intake is important, particularly among women of reproductive age, because iodine is necessary for early life development. Biologically based dose-response modeling of the relationships among iodide status, perchlorate dose, and thyroid hormone production in pregnant women has indicated that iodide intake has a profound effect on the likelihood that exposure to goitrogens will produce hypothyroxinemia. We evaluated the possibility of increasing iodine intake to offset potential risks from perchlorate exposure. We also explored the effect of dietary exposures to nitrate and thiocyanate on iodine uptake and thyroid hormone production. Our modeling indicates that the level of thyroid hormone perturbation associated with perchlorate exposures in the range of current regulatory limits is extremely small and would be overwhelmed by other goitrogen exposures. Our analysis also shows that microgram levels of iodine supplementation would be sufficient to prevent the goitrogenic effects of perchlorate exposure at current regulatory limits among at risk individuals. The human health risks from supplementing drinking water with iodine are negligible; therefore, this approach is worthy of regulatory consideration.

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“…Urine perchlorate was identified in all women (mean 2.58 µg/L). It is worth noticing that the Intelligence Quotient was in the lower 10th percentile in the offspring of mothers with the highest perchlorate levels [28].…”

Section: Perchloratementioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid‐Disrupting Chemicals

Khetan¹

2014

Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment

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Endocrine disruptor compounds are exogenous agents able to interfere with a gland function, exerting their action across different functional passages, from the synthesis to the metabolism and binding to receptors of the hormone produced. Several issues, such as different levels and time of exposure and different action across different ages as well as gender, make the study of endocrine disruptors still a challenge. The thyroid is very sensitive to the action of disruptors, and considering the importance of a correct thyroid function for physical and cognitive functioning, addressing this topic should be considered a priority. In this review, we examined the most recent studies, many of them concentrating on maternal and child exposure, conducted to assess the impact of industrial chemicals which showed an influence on thyroid function. So far, the number of studies conducted on that topic is not sufficient to provide solid conclusions and lead to homogeneous guidelines. The lack of uniformity is certainly due to differences in areas and populations examined, the different conditions of exposures and the remarkable inter-subject variability. Nonetheless, the European Commission for Health and Food Safety is implementing recommendations to ensure that substances identified as endocrine disruptors will be withdrawn from the market.

show abstract

Maternal Perchlorate Levels in Women With Borderline Thyroid Function During Pregnancy and the Cognitive Development of Their Offspring: Data From the Controlled Antenatal Thyroid Study

Cited by 81 publications

References 34 publications

Thyroid Disrupting Chemicals

Thyroid Disrupting Chemicals

Iodine supplementation and drinking-water perchlorate mitigation

Thyroid‐Disrupting Chemicals

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