Maternal perceived discrimination and association with gestational diabetes

MacGregor, C; Freedman, Alexa A.; Keenan-Devlin, Lauren; Grobman, William A.; Wadhwa, Pathik D.; Simhan, Hyagriv N.; Buß, Claudia; Borders, Ann

doi:10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100222

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…We also found that racial discrimination was associated with a higher risk of GDM relative to women who did not report discrimination, which is consistent with many studies that have found relationships between discrimination and adverse pregnancy outcomes ( Alhusen et al, 2016 ), including GDM ( MacGregor et al, 2020 ). After controlling for all covariates, the association between discrimination and GDM lost statistical significance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…To our knowledge, only one study has examined the association between discrimination and GDM. MacGregor et al (2020) found that discrimination was associated with a 2-fold increased adjusted odds of GDM that was only partially mediated (23%) by obesity. Given that racial discrimination is a stressor that may increase risk of GDM, our study examined whether exposure to racial discrimination helps explain differences in GDM across race/ethnicity and nativity status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Racial, ethnic and nativity inequalities in gestational diabetes mellitus: The role of racial discrimination

Erbetta

Almeida²,

Waldman³

2022

SSM - Population Health

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Racial, ethnic and nativity inequalities in gestational diabetes mellitus: The role of racial discrimination

Erbetta

Almeida²,

Waldman³

2022

SSM - Population Health

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“…Gestational diabetes occurred in 12.8% of females in the top quartile of a self-reported discrimination scale versus 7.0% in all others (aOR, 2.11 [95% CI, 1.03–4.22], adjusted for age, income, parity, race and ethnicity, and study site); 22.6% of this association was statistically mediated by obesity. 56…”

Section: Gestational Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2022 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association

Tsao¹,

Aday²,

Almarzooq³

et al. 2022

Circulation

3,589

2,336

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Background: The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). Methods: The American Heart Association, through its Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update. The 2022 Statistical Update is the product of a full year’s worth of effort by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and American Heart Association staff members. This year’s edition includes data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population and an enhanced focus on social determinants of health, adverse pregnancy outcomes, vascular contributions to brain health, and the global burden of cardiovascular disease and healthy life expectancy. Results: Each of the chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. Conclusions: The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policymakers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.

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“…The concept of discrimination is widely operationalized as a subjective phenomenon and was presented in the literature as either perceived or self-reported. Of the 18 articles, nine addressed discrimination in healthcare (Amirehsani et al, 2017; Benjamins, 2012; Blendon et al, 2015; Fox et al, 2019; Kamody et al, 2020; Piette et al, 2006; Ryan et al, 2008; Nguyen et al, 2017; Rees et al, 2011), specifically, while nine addressed everyday discrimination (Beatty Moody et al, 2018; Benjamins, 2012; Lebron et al, 2014; Lebron et al, 2018; McCurley et al, 2009; McGregor et al, 2020; Nguyen et al, 2017; Ward et al, 2019; Whitaker et al, 2017). Discrimination was measured in multiple ways including capturing daily hassles (March et al, 2015), using an ethnic discrimination scale (McCurley, 2009), and modifying the Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS) first developed by Williams et al (1997); Whitaker et al, 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…None of the studies used a discrimination scale specifically developed or adapted for older adults or Hispanics. Among all the articles, the most frequently reported cited reasons for discrimination among Hispanics were age, gender, race or ancestry, education level, weight/physical appearance, immigration status, and financial status (Lebron et al, 2014; MacGregor et al, 2020; March et al, 2015; Nguyen et al, 2018; Ward et al, 2019; Whitaker et al, 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination and Type 2 Diabetes-Related Health Outcomes among Hispanic Adults in the United States: An Integrative Literature Review

Olmos

Jones

2022

Hisp Health Care Int

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) incidence continues to rise in the United States, and T2DM prevalence in Hispanics living in the United States is 16.7% in men and 17.2% in women, compared to 8.6% in non-Hispanic White men and 6.6% in non-Hispanic White women. Among adults ≥ 18 years, 4.9 million Hispanic Americans are diagnosed with T2DM (Centers for Disease Control & Prevention [CDC], 2020). T2DM prevalence among Hispanic older adults (> 65 years) is not specified by the CDC, but this group is disproportionately affected by the micro-and macrovascular complications of T2DM (Beard et al., 2009).T2DM ranked seventh as a leading cause of death in the United States in 2017 (CDC, 2020). For individuals living with T2DM, common complications include kidney disease, visual impairment, peripheral circulatory disease, and functional disability (Beard et al., 2009). In adults diagnosed with T2DM, 12% experience vision disability, and 25% have severe stages (3 and 4) of chronic kidney disease (CDC, 2020). The rate of insulin resistance is higher among Mexican Americans compared to non-Hispanic Whites, and the higher rate of obesity among all Hispanics in the United States contributes to a compounded set of risk factors for T2DM complications (Aguayo-Mazzucato et al., 2019). In the contemporary context of the coronavirus pandemic, obese individuals who were diagnosed with T2DM, pharmacologically managed with insulin, and who contracted COVID-19 had a higher mortality rate (Agarwal et al., 2020).Diabetes-related distress (DRD) is a concept that encompasses the burden of lifestyle changes such as diet modification and carbohydrate reduction, the increased difficulty of obtaining healthier, unprocessed foods, daily needle sticks for blood glucose monitoring, the cost of medications and insulin supplies, and the psychological stress from long-term T2DM complications such as kidney failure and limb amputations. In this article, discrimination is conceptualized as "differential and negative treatment of individuals on the basis of their race, ethnicity, gender or other group membership" (Smedley et al., 2003, p. 95). While evidence supporting the relationship between DRD and adverse diabetes-related health outcomes mounts, there is little attention in the literature to the synergistic impact of discrimination and diabetes-related distress on health outcomes in Hispanic adults with T2DM.An anti-immigration sociopolitical climate and hostility towards immigrants, especially those of Hispanic origin, have increased in recent years (Newman et al., 2018) and have been reflected in poor psycho-and physiological outcomes (Andrade et al., 2021). When viewed in comparison to other ethnic minority groups such as non-Hispanic Black Americans, Hispanic Americans experience more negative effects of perceived discrimination (Paradies et al., 2015). In a study of patient-reported experiences of discrimination in the US healthcare system, it was found that 96% of Hispanic participants experienced discrimination, and Hispanic patients were 1.16 t...

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Maternal perceived discrimination and association with gestational diabetes

Cited by 15 publications

References 34 publications

Racial, ethnic and nativity inequalities in gestational diabetes mellitus: The role of racial discrimination

Racial, ethnic and nativity inequalities in gestational diabetes mellitus: The role of racial discrimination

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2022 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association

Discrimination and Type 2 Diabetes-Related Health Outcomes among Hispanic Adults in the United States: An Integrative Literature Review

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