Maternal Oral Health Influences Infant Salivary Microbiome

Abstract

Oral microbiomes vary in cariogenic potential; these differences may be established early in life. A major concern is whether mothers transmit cariogenic bacteria to their children. Here we characterize early salivary microbiome development and the potential associations of that development with route of delivery, breastfeeding, and mother’s oral health, and we evaluate transmission of microbes between mother and child. We analyzed saliva and metadata from the Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia. For this cohort study, we sequenced the V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene and used quantitative polymerase chain reaction to detect Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis, and Candida albicans in the saliva from mothers and their infants, collected at 2, 9, and 12 mo (Pennsylvania site) and 2, 12, and 24 mo (West Virginia site). Breastfed children had lower relative abundances of Prevotella and Veillonella. If mothers had decayed, missing, or filled teeth, children had greater abundances of Veillonella and Actinomyces. There was little evidence of maternal transmission of selected microbes. At 12 mo, children’s microbiomes were more similar to other children’s than to their mothers’. Infants’ salivary microbiomes became more adult-like with age but still differed with mothers’ microbiomes at 12 mo. There was little evidence supporting transmission of selected microbes from mothers to children, but risk of colonization was associated with tooth emergence. Children are likely to acquire cariogenic bacteria from a variety of sources, including foods and contact with other children and adults.

Evaluating the ecological hypothesis: Early life salivary microbiome assembly predicts dental caries in a longitudinal case-control study

“…Our ndings on salivary bacteriome assembly and association with ECC t within the previous literature. We observed a well-documented succession from Streptococcus-dominated, low-diversity communities to more diverse communities by 24-months of age with stabilization thereafter (11,12,24,25). As in cross-sectional dental research, we found an association between S. mutans and ECC at the time of ECC diagnosis (8).…”

Oral Microbiota: A Major Player in the Diagnosis of Systemic Diseases

“…Babies fed only on breast milk have a lower diversity with a decreased relative abundance of Veillonella, Prevotella, Granulicatella, and Porphyromonas than those fed only on formula, but these differences do not persist over time. Also, at two months, the salivary microbiome of infants delivered by C-section is significantly more diverse than those delivered vaginally, but again these differences seem to disappear at 12 months [171]. The salivary microbiome is dynamic during the first two years of life, and age-related factors seem to be the strongest determinants.…”

“…The salivary microbiome is dynamic during the first two years of life, and age-related factors seem to be the strongest determinants. Colonization by species such as Candida albicans is a good example of these age-related changes in exposure [171].…”

Оцінка Чинників Ризику Розвитку Раннього Дитячого Карієсу В Дітей За Даними Анкетування Батьків

“…Здоров'я порожнини рота матері, її знання з питань профілактики стоматологічних захворювань та ставлення до гігієни ротової порожнини в цілому роблять значний вплив на стан здоров'я дитини. Недостатня інформованість батьків про наявність у дітей патологічних змін у ротовій порожнині, незнання необхідності огляду і санації тимчасових зубів є причиною їх низької медичної активності [6][7][8][9][10].…”