Maternal nutrition and programming of offspring energy requirements1

Caton, J. S.; Crouse, Matthew S; Reynolds, Lawrence P.; Neville, Tammi L; Dahlen, Carl R; Ward, Alison K; Swanson, K. C.

doi:10.1093/tas/txy127

Cited by 52 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 111 publications

(168 reference statements)

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“…Maternal physiologic adaptation to pregnancy includes increased demand for nutrients to meet the maternal metabolic needs and nurture the developing fetus [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Furthermore, early gestation nutritional exposure affects the uterine environment and fetal development [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In ruminants, physiological exchanges between mother and fetus are supported by the caruncular-cotyledonary unit of the placenta, called the placentome [ 7 ]. While environmental stressors can trigger placental adaptations to meet fetal needs, these adjustments may affect fetal development and growth with long-lasting effects on metabolic function and performance [ 3 , 4 , 6 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation and Rate of Maternal Weight Gain Affects Placental Expression of Energy Metabolism and Transport-Related Genes

Diniz

Reynolds

Borowicz

et al. 2021

Genes

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Maternal nutrients are essential for proper fetal and placental development and function. However, the effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation under two rates of maternal weight gain on placental genome-wide gene expression have not been investigated so far. Furthermore, biological processes and pathways in the placenta that act in response to early maternal nutrition are yet to be elucidated. Herein, we examined the impact of maternal vitamin and mineral supplementation (from pre-breeding to day 83 post-breeding) and two rates of gain during the first 83 days of pregnancy on the gene expression of placental caruncles (CAR; maternal placenta) and cotyledons (COT; fetal placenta) of crossbred Angus beef heifers. We identified 267 unique differentially expressed genes (DEG). Among the DEGs from CAR, we identified ACAT2, SREBF2, and HMGCCS1 that underlie the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, the transcription factors PAX2 and PAX8 were over-represented in biological processes related to kidney organogenesis. The DEGs from COT included SLC2A1, SLC2A3, SLC27A4, and INSIG1. Our over-representation analysis retrieved biological processes related to nutrient transport and ion homeostasis, whereas the pathways included insulin secretion, PPAR signaling, and biosynthesis of amino acids. Vitamin and mineral supplementation and rate of gain were associated with changes in gene expression, biological processes, and KEGG pathways in beef cattle placental tissues.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation and Rate of Maternal Weight Gain Affects Placental Expression of Energy Metabolism and Transport-Related Genes

Diniz

Reynolds

Borowicz

et al. 2021

Genes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[23,24], which has been considered as a global epidemic [25]. In addition, livestock animals show undernutrition commonly during gestation and some productive features can be also compromised as viability, growth, body composition, or metabolism (reviewed in [26]). Thus, additional attention to early-life environments is required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gestation Food Restriction and Refeeding Compensate Maternal Energy Status and Alleviate Metabolic Consequences in Juvenile Offspring in a Rabbit Model

et al. 2021

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Nutritional status during gestation can influence mother and offspring metabolism. Undernutrition in pregnancy affects women in both western and developing countries, and it is associated with a high prevalence of chronic diseases in later life. The present work was conducted in the rabbit model, as a longitudinal study, to examine the effect of food restriction during early and mid-gestation, and re-feeding ad libitum until the end of pregnancy on metabolic status and body reserves of mother and, its association with development and metabolism of fetuses and female offspring to the juvenile stage. Little changes in live body weight (LBW), compensatory feed intake, similar body reserves, and metabolism were observed in dams. Placenta biometry and efficiency were slightly affected, but fetal BW and phenotype were not modified. However, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and hypertriglyceridemia were demonstrated in pre-term fetuses. In the juvenile period, these changes were not evidenced, and a similar pattern of growth and serum metabolic parameters in offspring of food-restricted mothers were found, except in serum aminotransferases levels, which increased. These were associated with higher liver fibrosis. Maternal food restriction in the early and mid-pregnancy followed by re-feeding in our rabbit model established a compensatory energy status in dams and alleviated potential long-term consequences in growth and metabolism in the offspring, even if fetal metabolism was altered.

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“…Furthermore, intrauterine growth restricted bovine fetuses showed increased brain weight as a percentage of fetal body weight in response to early maternal undernutrition 6 . Altogether, the nutritional regulation of fetal programming underlies a complex genomic regulatory network that modulates gene expression and leads to changes in tissue structure and function 2 , 3 , 8 . Differences in gene expression patterns and regulation of epigenetic mechanisms were reported as underlying the tissue-specific metabolic changes observed in nutrient restricted offspring 1 , 15 – 17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebrum, liver, and muscle regulatory networks uncover maternal nutrition effects in developmental programming of beef cattle during early pregnancy

Diniz

Crouse

Cushman

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The molecular basis underlying fetal programming in response to maternal nutrition remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the regulatory relationships between genes in fetal cerebrum, liver, and muscle tissues to shed light on the putative mechanisms that underlie the effects of early maternal nutrient restriction on bovine developmental programming. To this end, cerebrum, liver, and muscle gene expression were measured with RNA-Seq in 14 fetuses collected on day 50 of gestation from dams fed a diet initiated at breeding to either achieve 60% (RES, n = 7) or 100% (CON, n = 7) of energy requirements. To build a tissue-to-tissue gene network, we prioritized tissue-specific genes, transcription factors, and differentially expressed genes. Furthermore, we built condition-specific networks to identify differentially co-expressed or connected genes. Nutrient restriction led to differential tissue regulation between the treatments. Myogenic factors differentially regulated by ZBTB33 and ZNF131 may negatively affect myogenesis. Additionally, nutrient-sensing pathways, such as mTOR and PI3K/Akt, were affected by gene expression changes in response to nutrient restriction. By unveiling the network properties, we identified major regulators driving gene expression. However, further research is still needed to determine the impact of early maternal nutrition and strategic supplementation on pre- and post-natal performance.

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Maternal nutrition and programming of offspring energy requirements1

Cited by 52 publications

References 111 publications

Maternal Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation and Rate of Maternal Weight Gain Affects Placental Expression of Energy Metabolism and Transport-Related Genes

Maternal Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation and Rate of Maternal Weight Gain Affects Placental Expression of Energy Metabolism and Transport-Related Genes

Gestation Food Restriction and Refeeding Compensate Maternal Energy Status and Alleviate Metabolic Consequences in Juvenile Offspring in a Rabbit Model

Cerebrum, liver, and muscle regulatory networks uncover maternal nutrition effects in developmental programming of beef cattle during early pregnancy

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