Maternal, neonatal and socio-economic factors associated with intellectual development among children from a coal mining region in Brazil

Dupont-Soares, Marcela; Santos, Marina dos; Garcia, Edariane Menestrino; Soares, Maria Cristina Flores; Muccillo-Baisch, Ana Luíza; Júnior, Flávio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva

doi:10.1007/s10653-021-00817-1

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Similarly, admission to intensive care and special care baby units can impact feeding choice [ 51 – 53 ] and is associated with SEN [ 35 ]. Many previous studies have included children with congenital anomalies or those admitted into neonatal units but not adjusted for these as potential confounders [ 8 , 32 , 33 , 36 , 38 , 39 ]. In our study, we observed that the association between breastfeeding and reduced risk of SEN was present among children who did not have congenital anomalies and among children not admitted to intensive care or special care baby units.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies on breastfeeding and SEN have analysed smaller study populations [ 35 , 36 ] and been prone to selection bias [ 8 , 38 ], recall bias [ 8 , 33 , 34 , 36 , 38 ], and loss to follow-up. Use of national routine data enabled us to conduct a large-scale, unselective study that included hard-to-reach groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many previous studies have analysed feeding method as a binary variable [ 32 , 33 , 35 ]. We were additionally able to investigate children who were mixed-fed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infant feeding method and special educational need in 191,745 Scottish schoolchildren: A national, population cohort study

et al. 2023

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Background While special educational needs (SEN) are increasingly recorded among schoolchildren, infant breastfeeding has been associated with reduced incidence of childhood physical and mental health problems. This study investigated relationships between infant feeding method and risk of all-cause and cause-specific SEN. Methods and findings A population cohort of schoolchildren in Scotland was constructed by linking together health (maternity, birth, and health visitor records) and education (annual school pupil census) databases. Inclusion was restricted to singleton children, born in Scotland from 2004 onwards with available breastfeeding data and who attended local authority mainstream or special schools between 2009 and 2013. Generalised estimating equation models with a binomial distribution and logit link function investigated associations between infant feeding method at 6 to 8 weeks and all-cause and cause-specific SEN, adjusting for sociodemographic and maternity factors. Of 191,745 children meeting inclusion criteria, 126,907 (66.2%) were formula-fed, 48,473 (25.3%) exclusively breastfed, and 16,365 (8.5%) mixed-fed. Overall, 23,141 (12.1%) children required SEN. Compared with formula feeding, mixed feeding and exclusive breastfeeding, respectively, were associated with decreased all-cause SEN (OR 0.90, 95% CI [0.84,0.95], p < 0.001 and 0.78, [0.75,0.82], p < 0.001), and SEN attributed to learning disabilities (0.75, [0.65,0.87], p < 0.001 and 0.66, [0.59,0.74], p < 0.001), and learning difficulties (0.85, [0.77,0.94], p = 0.001 and 0.75, [0.70,0.81], p < 0.001). Compared with formula feeding, exclusively breastfed children had less communication problems (0.81, [0.74,0.88], p = 0.001), social–emotional–behavioural difficulties (0.77, [0.70,0.84], p = 0.001), sensory impairments (0.79, [0.65,0.95], p = 0.01), physical motor disabilities (0.78, [0.66,0.91], p = 0.002), and physical health conditions (0.74, [0.63,0.87], p = 0.01). There were no significant associations for mixed-fed children (communication problems (0.94, [0.83,1.06], p = 0.312), social–emotional–behavioural difficulties (0.96, [0.85,1.09], p = 0.541), sensory impairments (1.07, [0.84,1.37], p = 0.579), physical motor disabilities (0.97, [0.78,1.19], p = 0.754), and physical health conditions (0.93, [0.74,1.16], p = 0.504)). Feeding method was not significantly associated with mental health conditions (exclusive 0.58 [0.33,1.03], p = 0.061 and mixed 0.74 [0.36,1.53], p = 0.421) or autism (exclusive 0.88 [0.77,1.01], p = 0.074 and mixed 1.01 [0.84,1.22], p = 0.903). Our study was limited since only 6- to 8-week feeding method was available precluding differentiation between never-breastfed infants and those who stopped breastfeeding before 6 weeks. Additionally, we had no data on maternal and paternal factors such as education level, IQ, employment status, race/ethnicity, or mental and physical health. Conclusions In this study, we observed that both breastfeeding and mixed feeding at 6 to 8 weeks were associated with lower risk of all-cause SEN, and SEN attributed to learning disabilities and learning difficulty. Many women struggle to exclusively breastfeed for the full 6 months recommended by WHO; however, this study provides evidence that a shorter duration of nonexclusive breastfeeding could nonetheless be beneficial with regard to the development of SEN. Our findings augment the existing evidence base concerning the advantages of breastfeeding and reinforce the importance of breastfeeding education and support.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infant feeding method and special educational need in 191,745 Scottish schoolchildren: A national, population cohort study

et al. 2023

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“…This study evaluated maternal and newborn outcomes among 1950 births from seven municipalities situated in the largest Brazilian coal mining region, in addition to evaluating the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight. This region has received special attention in environmental health [11,[23][24][25][31][32][33] and epidemiological studies [2,28,29,34,35] because it is a socioeconomically and environmentally vulnerable region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gestational and Neonatal Outcomes in Cities in the Largest Coal Mining Region in Brazil

Soares

Santos

Moura

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Brazil has one of the largest mineral coal reserves in the world. More than 40% of this ore is in the Candiota Mine, in the extreme south of Brazil, which was previously identified as a hotspot of environmental pollution. In addition, an important part of Brazil’s population suffers from socioeconomic vulnerability. Since there is no information on unfavorable gestational and neonatal outcomes associated with these problems, we conducted a cross-sectional study with 1950 mother–child binomials, aiming to evaluate the association between these outcomes and air pollution as well as socioeconomic, demographic and health variables in seven cities in the region. Of the total births, 11.6% were preterm and 9.5% of neonates had low birth weight (<2500 g). These conditions were also associated with skin color, previous abortions, birth type and prenatal care, as well as exposure to higher levels of coarse particulate matter (PM10) during the first trimester of pregnancy. Regarding air pollutants, although the daily limits for PM10 were exceeded on less than 5% of days, the annual average overtook the values proposed by WHO. Thus, we concluded that prematurity and low birth weight in this region are related to air pollution, and to socioeconomic variables and health care.

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Health impacts of PM2.5-bound metals and PAHs in a medium-sized Brazilian city

Tavella

Brum²,

Ramires³

et al. 2022

Environ Monit Assess

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Maternal, neonatal and socio-economic factors associated with intellectual development among children from a coal mining region in Brazil

Cited by 8 publications

References 60 publications

Infant feeding method and special educational need in 191,745 Scottish schoolchildren: A national, population cohort study

Infant feeding method and special educational need in 191,745 Scottish schoolchildren: A national, population cohort study

Gestational and Neonatal Outcomes in Cities in the Largest Coal Mining Region in Brazil

Health impacts of PM2.5-bound metals and PAHs in a medium-sized Brazilian city

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