Maternal infections

Boucoiran, Isabelle; Kakkar, Fatima; Renaud, Christian

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-64150-2.00029-0

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 200 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Congenital infections were defined as infections transmitted from mother to baby transplacentally (during pregnancy) or peripartum (during delivery). 9 Early onset sepsis refers to clinical manifestation of infection within the first 72 hours of life with late onset sepsis occurring after 72 hours of life. 10 Proven sepsis was defined as the presence of laboratory and clinical findings with a positive culture taken from a normally sterile site.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of and Modifiable Factors Contributing to Neonatal Deaths at Dora Nginza Hospital in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Nieuwoudt

Mackay

Mda

2022

Global Pediatric Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dora Nginza Hospital (DNH) has a neonatal mortality rate higher than global and national averages. In 2015 to 2016 the neonatal mortality rate in South Africa was 18.1/1000 live births compared with 31.3/1000 live births at DNH. A retrospective study was conducted including neonates less than 28 days of life with a birth weight ≥500 g that demised in DNH neonatal unit. The NMR for the study period was 17.7/1000 live births. There were 101 (70.6%) early and 42 (29.4%) late neonatal deaths. Causes of death included infection (n = 47; 32.9%), immaturity-related (n = 42; 29.4%), congenital abnormalities (n = 26; 18.2%), hypoxia (n = 24; 16.8%) and other (n = 4; 2.8%). There were significant associations between cause of death and administrative-related factors ( P < .01), health-personnel related factors ( P < .001) and patient-related factors ( P = .01). Key strategies to be implemented include improving infection prevention and control, appropriate resource allocation, improved attendance and quality of antenatal care, ongoing skills training, and interventions to maintain normothermia.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of and Modifiable Factors Contributing to Neonatal Deaths at Dora Nginza Hospital in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Nieuwoudt

Mackay

Mda

2022

Global Pediatric Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Congenital infections of the unborn fetus or newborn infant are a widespread issue caused by pathogens such as the TORCH pathogens and other emerging pathogens such as Zika virus (ZIKV) (Boucoiran et al, 2020;Coyne and Lazear, 2016). These frequently disrupt fetal development, particularly in the brain, resulting in a wide range of symptoms, including damage to sensory organs, birth defects such as microcephaly, or learning and behavioral disorders (Boucoiran et al, 2020;Canetta et al, 2016). Pathogens often target neural stem cells (NSCs) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs), inducing apoptosis, curtailing proliferation, and impairing the differentiation of these cells (Boucoiran et al, 2020;Kamte et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These frequently disrupt fetal development, particularly in the brain, resulting in a wide range of symptoms, including damage to sensory organs, birth defects such as microcephaly, or learning and behavioral disorders (Boucoiran et al, 2020;Canetta et al, 2016). Pathogens often target neural stem cells (NSCs) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs), inducing apoptosis, curtailing proliferation, and impairing the differentiation of these cells (Boucoiran et al, 2020;Kamte et al, 2021). Interestingly, these effects are often caused, not only by the direct influence of infection, but as the indirect result of the immune response, as cytokines and chemokines have been shown to have significant effects on NSC/NPC proliferation, survival, and differentiation (Boucoiran et al, 2020;Chandwani et al, 2019;Kamte et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pathogens often target neural stem cells (NSCs) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs), inducing apoptosis, curtailing proliferation, and impairing the differentiation of these cells (Boucoiran et al, 2020;Kamte et al, 2021). Interestingly, these effects are often caused, not only by the direct influence of infection, but as the indirect result of the immune response, as cytokines and chemokines have been shown to have significant effects on NSC/NPC proliferation, survival, and differentiation (Boucoiran et al, 2020;Chandwani et al, 2019;Kamte et al, 2021). However, the mechanisms by which infections cause these effects remain to be fully elucidated, and can be highly dependent on the stage of pregnancy where infection occurs (Boucoiran et al, 2020;Kamte et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, these effects are often caused, not only by the direct influence of infection, but as the indirect result of the immune response, as cytokines and chemokines have been shown to have significant effects on NSC/NPC proliferation, survival, and differentiation (Boucoiran et al, 2020;Chandwani et al, 2019;Kamte et al, 2021). However, the mechanisms by which infections cause these effects remain to be fully elucidated, and can be highly dependent on the stage of pregnancy where infection occurs (Boucoiran et al, 2020;Kamte et al, 2021). Here we will focus on the effects of two of the most common congenital infections, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and ZIKV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Changes in ADAR RNA Editing Patterns in CMV and ZIKV Congenital Infections

Wales-McGrath

Mercer

Piontkivska

2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: RNA editing is a process that increases transcriptome diversity, often through Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA (ADARs) that catalyze the deamination of adenosine to inosine. ADAR editing plays an important role in regulating brain function and immune activation, and is dynamically regulated during brain development. Additionally, the ADAR1 p150 isoform is induced by interferons in viral infection and plays a role in antiviral immune response. However, the question of how virus-induced ADAR expression affects host transcriptome editing remains largely unanswered. This question is particularly relevant in the context of congenital infections, given the dynamic regulation of ADAR editing during brain development, the importance of this editing for brain function, and subsequent neurological symptoms of such infections, including microcephaly, sensory issues, and other neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Here, we begin to address this question, examining ADAR expression in publicly available datasets of congenital infections of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) microarray expression data, as well as mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) and mouse/ human induced pluripotent neuroprogenitor stem cell (hiNPC) Zika virus (ZIKV) RNA-seq data. Results: We found that in all three datasets, ADAR1 was overexpressed in infected samples compared to uninfected samples. In the RNA-seq datasets, editing rates were also analyzed. In all mouse infections cases, the number of editing sites was significantly increased in infected samples, albeit this was not the case for hiNPC ZIKV samples. Mouse ZIKV samples showed altered editing of well-established protein-recoding sites such as Gria3, Grik5, and Nova1, as well as editing sites that may impact miRNA binding. Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence for changes in ADAR expression and subsequent dysregulation of ADAR editing of host transcriptomes in congenital infections. These changes in editing patterns of key neural genes have potential significance in the development of neurological symptoms, thus contributing to neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Further experiments should be performed to explore the full range of editing changes that occur in different congenital infections, and to confirm the specific functional consequences of these editing changes.

show abstract