Maternal Immunization With Haemophilus influenzae Type b Polysaccharide—Tetanus Protein Conjugate Vaccine in The Gambia

Mulholland, Kim; Suara, Rahaman O.; Siber, George R.; Dm, Roberton; Jaffar, Shabbar; N'Jie, J; Baden, Lynn A.; Thompson, Claudette M.; Anwaruddin, R; Dinan, L; Glezen, W. Paul; Francis, Nicholas; Fritzell, Bernard; Bm, Greenwood

doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03530390048033

Cited by 68 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…We have shown that increasing maternal pneumococcal antibody concentration is associated with a reduced response to PCV when administered during the first 6 months of life. Maternal antibodies to the carrier protein (i.e., diphtheria), which could be associated with the response to PnCRM7 in infants, were not assessed [25,26]. There was no evidence of maternal pneumococcal antibody interference of the memory response as assessed by the post-dose 4 antibody response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Immunogenicity among Infants and Toddlers in an American Indian PnCRM7 Efficacy Trial

O'Brien¹,

Moïsi

Moulton

et al. 2007

J INFECT DIS

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Background. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are important for the prevention of serious illness and death among infants. Factors associated with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine immunogenicity have not been explored.Methods. Children !24 months of age received 2, 3, or 4 doses of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PnCRM7) or control vaccine depending on age at enrollment. Serum samples were tested for serotype-specific antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. Multiple linear regression was used to determine predictors of immunogenicity.Results. Among 315 PnCRM7-vaccinated subjects and 295 control subjects enrolled at !7 months of age, geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of antibodies were significantly higher after dose 3 than after dose 2 for all serotypes except type 4. The proportion of subjects with antibody concentrations у5.0 mg/mL was higher for all serotypes, but the proportion with concentrations у0.35 mg/mL was higher only for types 6B and 23F. Threedose and 2-dose regimens for those 7-11 and 12-23 months of age, respectively, were highly immunogenic. Increased maternal antibody concentrations were associated with reduced responses to dose 1 and 3 but not to dose 4 of PnCRM7.Conclusions. Maternal antibody is associated with a reduced infant response to PnCRM7 but does not interfere with immune memory. In infants, a third priming dose increases the antibody GMC and the proportion achieving an antibody concentration у5.0 mg/mL but has little impact on the proportion achieving a concentration у0.35 mg/mL.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Immunogenicity among Infants and Toddlers in an American Indian PnCRM7 Efficacy Trial

O'Brien¹,

Moïsi

Moulton

et al. 2007

J INFECT DIS

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“…Indeed, maternal studies with influenza, tetanus toxoid, and Hib polysaccharide and conjugate vaccines have been performed safely [29][30][31]. These successful trials, coupled with the consistent safety and immunogenicity record of GBS conjugate vaccines [7,8], pave the way for trials of maternal immunization with GBS conjugate vaccines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Antibody Transfer in Baboons and Mice Vaccinated with a Group B Streptococcal Polysaccharide Conjugate

et al. 2000

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Two animal models were used to study maternal transfer of antibody to a group B Streptococcus (GBS) type III polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid (III-TT) conjugate. The III-TT vaccine protected all 27 mouse pups born to vaccinated dams against a GBS challenge. In a separate study of vaccinated mouse dams and pups, maternal sera contained all 4 subclasses of polysaccharide-specific IgG, with IgG1 accounting for 83% of total IgG. Specific IgG subclass distribution (IgG1>>IgG2a=IgG2b=IgG3) in newborn pups closely resembled that in their mothers. Seven of 9 female baboons given the III-TT vaccine had 5- to 36-fold increases in specific antibody from baseline levels; they transferred 26%-185% of specific antibody to their offspring. Matched maternal and neonatal sera obtained at delivery were functionally equivalent in an in vitro opsonophagocytosis assay. These preclinical studies provide further evidence for effective immunogenicity of GBS conjugate vaccine and efficient transport of functionally active maternal antibody.

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“…Vaccines with the ability to induce higher maternal levels of IgG and specifically IgG1, such as Hib polysaccharide- (PRP-) conjugate vaccines result in increased concentrations of IgG1 delivered to the fetus [61] and significantly more PRP-specific IgG antibodies during at least the first 2 months of life in diverse populations [71–75]. The same was observed for type III capsular polysaccharide of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) conjugated to tetanus toxoid vaccine, demonstrating an efficient transport of GBS-specific IgG antibodies to the neonate [76].…”

Section: The Influence Of Maternal Immunizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

IgG Placental Transfer in Healthy and Pathological Pregnancies

Palmeira

Quinello

Silveira-Lessa

et al. 2012

Clinical and Developmental Immunology

784

707

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Placental transfer of maternal IgG antibodies to the fetus is an important mechanism that provides protection to the infant while his/her humoral response is inefficient. IgG is the only antibody class that significantly crosses the human placenta. This crossing is mediated by FcRn expressed on syncytiotrophoblast cells. There is evidence that IgG transfer depends on the following: (i) maternal levels of total IgG and specific antibodies, (ii) gestational age, (iii) placental integrity, (iv) IgG subclass, and (v) nature of antigen, being more intense for thymus-dependent ones. These features represent the basis for maternal immunization strategies aimed at protecting newborns against neonatal and infantile infectious diseases. In some situations, such as mothers with primary immunodeficiencies, exogenous IgG acquired by intravenous immunoglobulin therapy crosses the placenta in similar patterns to endogenous immunoglobulins and may also protect the offspring from infections in early life. Inversely, harmful autoantibodies may cross the placenta and cause transitory autoimmune disease in the neonate.

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Maternal Immunization With Haemophilus influenzae Type b Polysaccharide—Tetanus Protein Conjugate Vaccine in The Gambia

Cited by 68 publications

References 30 publications

Predictors of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Immunogenicity among Infants and Toddlers in an American Indian PnCRM7 Efficacy Trial

Predictors of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Immunogenicity among Infants and Toddlers in an American Indian PnCRM7 Efficacy Trial

Maternal Antibody Transfer in Baboons and Mice Vaccinated with a Group B Streptococcal Polysaccharide Conjugate

IgG Placental Transfer in Healthy and Pathological Pregnancies

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