Maternal high-cholesterol diet negatively programs offspring bone development and downregulates hedgehog signaling in osteoblasts

Maternal Exposure to Red Rooibos Does Not Alter Bone Development in Male or Female Sprague-Dawley Rat Offspring

“…Many studies have shown that maternal diet can set a trajectory for bone health of offspring [ 1 , 2 ]. Findings from these human studies align with preclinical studies reporting effects of diet including the level and type of fat, low protein content, general undernutrition or overnutrition, as well as polyphenols, to program offspring bone health [ [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] ]. Using the CD-1 mouse model, maternal and/or early-life exposure to polyphenols present in soy or citrus fruits has been shown to influence bone development through young adulthood, sometimes with sex-specific effects [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Statin Usage Are Associated With Rates of Pseudarthrosis Following Single-Level Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion

“…30 High-cholesterol diets in rodents have also been associated with reduced bone mineral density and osteocalcin through the Hedgehog signaling pathway. 8,9,31,32 As a corollary, mice deficient in apolipoprotein A-1, a modulator of cholesterol transport and balance, had lesser differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts and greater differentiation to adipocyte progenitors. 33 Whether LDL cholesterol itself or resultant atherosclerotic plaques impair bone formation, the findings of our study expand on established literature exploring the correlation between hypercholesterolemia and spine pathology.…”

“…In contrast, LDL cholesterol was found to stimulate osteoclastogenesis through receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand upregulation in human osteoblasts 30 . High-cholesterol diets in rodents have also been associated with reduced bone mineral density and osteocalcin through the Hedgehog signaling pathway 8,9,31,32 . As a corollary, mice deficient in apolipoprotein A-1, a modulator of cholesterol transport and balance, had lesser differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts and greater differentiation to adipocyte progenitors 33 .…”

“…Animal studies have shown that rodents with high cholesterol and fat diets have increased bone loss and decreased bone formation 8 . In addition, pregnant mice fed a high-cholesterol diet had offspring with reduced osteoblast activity and osteogenesis 9 . As osseointegration is crucial to proper healing after fusion surgery, 10 its potential relationship with hypercholesterolemia warrants investigation in the context of pseudarthrosis.…”

Preferential formation of human heteromeric SK2:SK3 channels limits homomeric SK channel assembly and function

“…All experimental values are described in text as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM). Bar charts present all individual data points and the standard deviation (SD) to convey variation as previously ( 56 ). The t tests and one-way ANOVAs were performed using Prism 9.2.0 (GraphPad) and Tukey’s post-hoc test was used to make multiple comparisons where appropriate.…”