Maternal gut microbiota in the health of mothers and offspring: from the perspective of immunology

Abstract

Due to the physiological alteration during pregnancy, maternal gut microbiota changes following the metabolic processes. Recent studies have revealed that maternal gut microbiota is closely associated with the immune microenvironment in utero during pregnancy and plays a vital role in specific pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, preterm birth and recurrent miscarriages. Some other evidence has also shown that aberrant maternal gut microbiota increases the risk of various diseases in the offspring, such as allergic and neurodevelopmental disorders, through the immune alignment between mother and fetus and the possible intrauterine microbiota. Probiotics and the high-fiber diet are effective inventions to prevent mothers and fetuses from diseases. In this review, we summarize the role of maternal gut microbiota in the development of pregnancy complications and the health condition of future generations from the perspective of immunology, which may provide new therapeutic strategies for the health management of mothers and offspring.

Different Levels of Therapeutic Strategies to Recover the Microbiome to Prevent/Delay Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) or Arrest Its Progression in Children

“…In newborns, GM takes origin after birth, and the results are composed initially of native flora and later of transient flora derived by food intake [35]. Consequently, everybody has a specific and unique GM composition, which, however, changes during the duration of life, precisely from childhood to adulthood [36]. This results in a typical GM dynamism and plasticity, modulating the GM functions, as well as those of other tissues, organs, and systems, such as HS [37].…”

Exploring the Association between Anxiety, Depression, and Gut Microbiota during Pregnancy: Findings from a Pregnancy Cohort Study in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China

“…Imbalances in the gut microbiota are associated with the occurrence of various diseases, including chronic inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic syndrome, autoimmune diseases, allergic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and tumors [8]. In addition, changes in the gut microbiota may also affect pregnancy-related diseases [9] and pregnancy outcomes for pregnant women [10]. Therefore, understanding the characteristics and influencing factors of perinatal gut microbiota is crucial for developing appropriate and individualized strategies during the maternal period.…”