Maternal genetic history of ancient Tibetans over the past 4000 years

Zhang, Ganyu; Cui, Can; Wangdue, Shargan; Lü, Hongliang; Chen, Honghai; Xi, Lin; He, Wei; Yuan, Haibing; Tsring, Tinley; Chen, Zujun; Yang, Feng; Tsering, Tashi; Li, Shuai; Tashi, Norbu; Yang, Tsho; Tong, Yan; Wu, Xiaohong; Li, Linhui; He, Yuanhong; Dai, Qingyan; Liu, Feng; Feng, Xiaotian; Wang, Tianyi; Yang, Ruowei; Ping, Wanjing; Zhang, Ming; Gao, Xing; Liu, Yichen; Wang, Wenjun; Fu, Qiaomei

doi:10.1016/j.jgg.2023.03.007

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…These findings were consistent with the premises of an eastern dispersal of taurine cattle along the Inner Asian Mountains and the Hexi Corridor and supported the genetic continuity of taurine cattle from the Bronze Age to the modern day but not a parallel movement of indicine cattle over the Himalayas. This observation agreed with recent human genomic evidence that suggested an extensive genetic admixture among the populations on the Tibetan Plateau and in East Asia ( 55 , 56 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Evidence for early domestic yak, taurine cattle, and their hybrids on the Tibetan Plateau

Chen,

Zhang,

Hou

et al. 2023

Sci. Adv.

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Domestic yak, cattle, and their hybrids are fundamental to herder survival at high altitudes on the Tibetan Plateau. However, little is known about their history. Bos remains are uncommon in this region, and ancient domestic yak have not been securely identified. To identify Bos taxa and investigate their initial management, we conducted zooarchaeological analyses of 193 Bos specimens and sequenced five nuclear genomes from recently excavated assemblages at Bangga. Morphological data indicated that more cattle than yak were present. Ancient mitochondrial DNA and nuclear genome sequences identified taurine cattle and provided evidence for domestic yak and yak-cattle hybridization ~2500 years ago. Reliance on diverse Bos species and their hybrid has increased cattle adaptation and herder resilience to plateau conditions. Ancient cattle and yak at Bangga were closely related to contemporary livestock, indicating early herder legacies and the continuity of cattle and yak husbandry on the Tibetan Plateau.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Evidence for early domestic yak, taurine cattle, and their hybrids on the Tibetan Plateau

Chen,

Zhang,

Hou

et al. 2023

Sci. Adv.

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“…D4j1 is shared between ancient Tibetans and Neolithic Zongri individuals (4,800-4,600 BP), and D4b appears in Neolithic Shimao and Miaozigou individuals. These haplogroups suggest a connection between highland ancient Tibetans and populations in the upper Yellow River region (Ning et al, 2020;Xue et al, 2022;Zhang et al, 2023). D4j1a2 and D4j1b are common haplogroups in Lhasa Tibetans, and D4j1b can be found in ancient Zongri individuals (Wang et al, 2023), revealing population movement from lower elevations to the TP between 4,750 and 2,775 years ago (Ding et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Paleogenomic studies indicated that the earliest origins of haplogroup M9 can be dated back to the 14.0 kya Red Deer Cave individual located in Southwest China ( Zhang X. et al, 2022 ), and haplogroup M9a can be found in Qingtai people related to the Yangshao culture (∼5,500–5,000 BP) ( Miao et al, 2021 ). M9a1a1c1b1a in modern Tibetans is a genetic legacy of Neolithic millet farmers ( Li, 2019 ), and haplogroups M9a1a and M9a1b showed that ancient Tibetans shared a common ancestor with ancient Middle and Upper Yellow River populations around the Early and Middle Holocene ( Zhang et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Haplogroup F1 is frequent in southern and southwestern China ( Li et al, 2019 ). F1g is prevalent in Lhasa Tibetans, and it can be found in ancient Tibetans from 3.0 to 1.1 kya ( Zhang et al, 2023 ) and ancient individuals related to the Qijia culture (3,800–4,000 BP) ( Ning et al, 2020 ) and from the Wuzhuangguoliang site (5,400–4,800 BP) ( Wang C. C. et al, 2021 ). F1g generated in lowlands is often found in Tibetans, revealing that the lowland population migrated to the TP ( Kang et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diverse genetic ancestral sources and a complex demographic history of Tibetans have been revealed by previous studies (Bhandari et al, 2015;He et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2023). Although many genetic studies on Tibetans have been published recently, their population genetic structure, spatiotemporal differentiation, and demographic history are still ambiguous and remain to be studied in depth.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Whole mitochondrial genome analysis in highland Tibetans: further matrilineal genetic structure exploration

Li,

Zhang,

et al. 2023

Front. Genet.

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Introduction: The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is one of the last terrestrial environments conquered by modern humans. Tibetans are among the few high-altitude settlers in the world, and understanding the genetic profile of Tibetans plays a pivotal role in studies of anthropology, genetics, and archaeology.Methods: In this study, we investigated the maternal genetic landscape of Tibetans based on the whole mitochondrial genome collected from 145 unrelated native Lhasa Tibetans. Molecular diversity indices, haplotype diversity (HD), Tajima’s D and Fu’s Fs were calculated and the Bayesian Skyline Plot was obtained to determining the genetic profile and population fluctuation of Lhasa Tibetans. To further explore the genetic structure of Lhasa Tibetans, we collected 107 East Asian reference populations to perform principal component analysis (PCA), multidimensional scaling (MDS), calculated Fst values and constructed phylogenetic tree.Results: The maternal genetic landscape of Tibetans showed obvious East Asian characteristics, M9a (28.28%), R (11.03%), F1 (12.41%), D4 (9.66%), N (6.21%), and M62 (4.14%) were the dominant haplogroups. The results of PCA, MDS, Fst and phylogenetic tree were consistent: Lhasa Tibetans clustered with other highland Tibeto-Burman speakers, there was obvious genetic homogeneity of Tibetans in Xizang, and genetic similarity between Tibetans and northern Han people and geographically adjacent populations was found. In addition, specific maternal lineages of Tibetans also be determined in this study.Discussion: In general, this study further shed light on long-time matrilineal continuity on the Tibetan Plateau and the genetic connection between Tibetans and millet famers in the Yellow River Basin, and further revealed that multiple waves of population interaction and admixture during different historical periods between lowland and highland populations shaped the maternal genetic profile of Tibetans.

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Sex-biased adaptation shapes uniparental gene pools in Tibetans

Peng,

Zhang

2024

Sci. China Life Sci.

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Maternal genetic history of ancient Tibetans over the past 4000 years

Cited by 10 publications

References 64 publications

Evidence for early domestic yak, taurine cattle, and their hybrids on the Tibetan Plateau

Evidence for early domestic yak, taurine cattle, and their hybrids on the Tibetan Plateau

Whole mitochondrial genome analysis in highland Tibetans: further matrilineal genetic structure exploration

Sex-biased adaptation shapes uniparental gene pools in Tibetans

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