Maternal factors associated with the duration of breast feeding in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Recently, there has been increasing concern about the decline in breast-feeding pattern in developing countries. The objectives of this study were to document the recent breast-feeding trends in Jeddah during the first year of an infant's life and identify the probable maternal risk factors implicated in breast-feeding cessation. Data were collected from six randomly selected primary health care centres in Jeddah City. All married women with an infant </= 12 completed months of age were interviewed, and information on socio-demographic characteristics, breast feeding and contraceptive use were collected. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios for the various maternal risk factors related to breast-feeding cessation. A total of 400 women were enrolled in the study. Their mean age at delivery was 28.0 years (SD = 4.1 years). Approximately 40.0% had never attended school, 43.0% had at least five children and 13.8% were smokers. Deliveries by caesarean section were reported by 13.0% of women and contraceptive use by 44.7%, among whom oral contraceptives were the commonest method. Around 94.0% of women ever initially breast fed their infants, and this proportion dropped to 40.0% by the infant's 12th month. Women who delivered by caesarean section (OR = 1.9 [95% CI 1.3, 2.8]P = 0.001) and those who used oral contraceptives (OR = 1.5 [95% CI 1.1, 2.2]P = 0.031) were at higher risk of stopping breast feeding and lower probability of maintaining breast feeding to the 12th month post partum than those who delivered vaginally and did not use oral contraceptives. Breast-feeding practice seems to decline rapidly during the first year of the infant's life. Health care professionals should promote breast-feeding practice as early as the antenatal period. They should also take into consideration the impact of caesarean section deliveries and early oral contraceptive use to avoid their negative impact on breast-feeding practice.

Breastfeeding practice in Kuwait: determinants of success and reasons for failure

“…For assessment of factors associated with breastfeeding cessation at 6 months of age we used multivariate Cox regression analyses. A total of 21 variables were included in the final model that was constructed using factors that had an association with breastfeeding duration based on the univariate association (the level of significance was set at P < 0.05), as well as factors reported to influence breastfeeding initiation and duration from previous studies (5,6,(8)(9)(10) and that were considered to potentially affect breastfeeding practice in our local region.…”

Exclusive breast-feeding among children attending well-baby clinic at Al-Eskan PHC Center, Makkah Al-Mokarramah

“…[13] Despite the great advances in health services in Saudi Arabia, studies have reported a downward trend in breast-feeding practice. [6,11,[14][15][16] In this study, 75.4% of women initiated breast-feeding after delivery. However, only 18.5% were exclusively breast-fed.…”

“…Using sample size online calculator (Raosoft), total population 200, expected prevalence according to nearest study to be 54% at sixth month, [11] confidence level 95%, and the margin of error 10%, the estimated sample size was 65. Using systematic random sampling technique, every third child was selected by systematic random sampling technique.…”

Woman's Awareness about Initiation and Continuation of Breast feeding among Cesarean Section at Baghdad City- Iraq.

“…Previous studies have reported that caesarean section delivery was a risk factor for not initiating breastfeeding, and that infants delivered by caesarean section started suckling later and were given bottles more often during the first days of life. This, in addition to lack of antenatal and postnatal education to guide the mother into initiating lactation and maintaining it through regular and extensive breastfeeding, certainly influences the infant's feeding pattern (13) . The present study reveals that the highest percentage (73.3%) did not have any advices or instructions about breastfeeding (23.3%) the family & mother was a source of knowledge about breastfeeding.…”