Maternal factors and infant and child mortality in Bangladesh

Majumder, Abul Kashem

doi:10.1017/s0021932000017284

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…This study found a strong relationship between infant mortality and landholding size which contradicts the finding reported by Amin et al (1986) and Rahman et al (1985). Contrary to the result of the study done by AI-Kabir (1984), parental education did not emerge as a significant correlate of infant mortality in this study; but similar to the findings of AI-Kabir (1984) and Majumder (1988), the strongest determinant of infant mortality in Bangladesh was identified as the length of the previous birth interval. Additionally, the result of Ma-jumder's (1988) study confirms the earlier conclusion that the link between infant mortality and the length of the birth interval is independent of maternal age and parity (Park 1986;Swenson 1981).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…In Bangladesh, where nutrition is minimal and lactation is prolonged, the depletion of the mother's resources by a rapid succession of pregnancies may be particularly severe, and the risk of infant mortality among infants born to mothers with closely spaced pregnancies is likely to be higher (Swenson 1977). Analysis of both the Bangladesh Fertility Survey and the Matlab data support the inverse relationship between the length of the interval between births and infant mortality (Al-Kabir 1984; Chowdhury 1981;Edmonston 1982;Koenig et al 1990;Majumder 1988).…”

Section: Determinants Of Infant Mortality In Bangladeshmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Factors Affecting Infant Mortality in Rural Bangladesh: Results from a Retrospective Sample Survey¹

Paul

1990

Rural Sociology

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The primary objective of this paper is to assess the relative contribution of different socioeconomic and environmental factors affecting infant mortality in a rural area of Bangladesh. Data from detailed interviews with 1,787 women of reproductive ages were collected and analyzed. A multivariate approach was employed to examine the relative importance of different correlates of infant mortality. Birth interval and contraceptive use emerged as the strongest correlates of infant mortality. In addition, landholding size, birth of preferred sex, mother's age, and prior pregnancy loss had significant effects on infant mortality. The analysis suggests that some aspects of childbearing result in higher risks of infant mortality. Infant mortality could be reduced by altering the spacing of births and avoiding births at early reproductive ages. A positive impact on infant mortality could also result from improvements in economic conditions.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Determinants Of Infant Mortality In Bangladeshmentioning

confidence: 92%

Factors Affecting Infant Mortality in Rural Bangladesh: Results from a Retrospective Sample Survey¹

Paul

1990

Rural Sociology

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“…[22][23][24][25] In this study, we examine socioeconomic gradients in mortality in adult women and their husbands in rural Bangladesh, paying particular attention to the independent effects of the educational status of each spouse.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21 Studies examining the determinants of child mortality and fertility, for example, have shown maternal education to be more decisive than the educational status of the father. [22][23][24][25] In this study, we examine socioeconomic gradients in mortality in adult women and their husbands in rural Bangladesh, paying particular attention to the independent effects of the educational status of each spouse.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of education and other socioeconomic factors on middle age mortality in rural Bangladesh

Hurt

2004

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health

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Study objective: To examine socioeconomic gradients in mortality in adult women and their husbands in Bangladesh, paying particular attention to the independent effects of the educational status of each spouse. Design: Historical cohort study. Setting: Matlab, a rural area 60 km south east of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. Participants: 14 803 married women aged 45 or over and their husbands who were resident in the Matlab Demographic Surveillance area between 30 June 1982 and 31 December 1998. Main results: Mortality was lower in women with formal or Koranic education compared with those with none (adjusted rate ratio for formal education = 0.68, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.86; adjusted rate ratio for Koranic schooling = 0.82, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.00). After adjusting for her own education, the husband's level of education or occupation did not have an independent effect on a woman's survival. Men who had attended formal education had lower mortality than those without any education (adjusted rate ratio = 0.84, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.93), but men whose wives had been educated had an additional survival advantage independent of their own education and occupation (adjusted rate ratio = 0.76, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.87). Mortality in both sexes was also significantly associated with marital status and the percentage of surviving children, and in men was associated with the man's occupation, religion, area of residence. Conclusions: The data suggest that socioeconomic status has a strong influence on mortality in adults in Bangladesh. They also illustrate how important the continued promotion of education, particularly for women, may be for the survival of both women and men in rural Bangladesh. I t has long been recognised that people who are socially disadvantaged have higher mortality. Social or economic gradients in adult mortality have consistently been observed in affluent societies 1 2 and studies in the developing world have also found substantial inequalities.3-9 Increasing attention is now being paid to understanding the nature of such inequalities and the pathways through which they exert their effects. 10One of the critical factors in this pathway is adult education. In affluent societies, a consistent association between the educational status of adults and their mortality has been shown, independent of other social or economic factors.11-14 Effects are seen in both women and men, although they might be slightly weaker in women than in men.15 16 Factors thought to contribute to the lower mortality of educated people are improvements in their employment opportunities and material circumstances, and an increased knowledge about health matters with consequent reductions in risky health behaviours.11 13 [17][18][19][20] Evidence is also accruing that educated men and women in the developing world have lower mortality, but the mechanisms underlying this association are not fully understood. [7][8][9] Understanding social inequalities in developing countries may require looking into the independent effects of individuals within hous...

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“…The rationale behind our interest in reproductive patterns stems from a large demographic literature on the effect of maternal age, parity, and birth spacing on infant and child mortality (for example, DaVanzo et al 1983;Rutstein 1983;Winikoff 1983;Cleland and Sathar 1984;Palloni and Millman 1986;Pebley and Stupp 1987;Majumder 1988;Koenig et al 1990;Miller 1991;Miller et al 1992;Majumder et al 1997;Montgomery and Cohen 1998;George et al 2000;Lawoyin 2001;Conde-Agudelo et al 2006a and2006b;DaVanzo et al 2004;Rutstein and Johnson 2004;Rutstein 2005). Maternal age bears a Ushaped relationship with infant and child health; children born to very young women and to older women have a higher risk of mortality.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Are Infant and Child Mortality Rates Lower in the MCH‐FP Area of Matlab, Bangladesh?

Hale¹,

DaVanzo

Razzaque

et al. 2006

Studies in Family Planning

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Infant and child mortality rates are significantly lower in the Maternal and Child Health-Family Planning (MCH-FP) area of Matlab, Bangladesh, than in a comparison area. The two areas are similar in terms of socioeconomic characteristics, but the MCH-FP area provides better maternal and child health and family planning services, resulting in different reproductive patterns, including lower fertility rates and longer intervals between pregnancies. We use data from the Matlab Demographic Surveillance System for nearly 126,000 singleton live births that occurred between 1982 and 2002 to investigate the extent to which the different reproductive patterns in the MCH-FP area explain why infant and child mortality rates are lower there. Differences in reproductive patterns account for a small portion (up to 20 percent) of the variation in these rates between the MCH-FP and comparison areas, suggesting that the majority of the difference is due to the quality of MCH services.

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Maternal factors and infant and child mortality in Bangladesh

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Factors Affecting Infant Mortality in Rural Bangladesh: Results from a Retrospective Sample Survey¹

Factors Affecting Infant Mortality in Rural Bangladesh: Results from a Retrospective Sample Survey¹

Effects of education and other socioeconomic factors on middle age mortality in rural Bangladesh

Why Are Infant and Child Mortality Rates Lower in the MCH‐FP Area of Matlab, Bangladesh?

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Maternal factors and infant and child mortality in Bangladesh

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Factors Affecting Infant Mortality in Rural Bangladesh: Results from a Retrospective Sample Survey1

Factors Affecting Infant Mortality in Rural Bangladesh: Results from a Retrospective Sample Survey1

Effects of education and other socioeconomic factors on middle age mortality in rural Bangladesh

Why Are Infant and Child Mortality Rates Lower in the MCH‐FP Area of Matlab, Bangladesh?

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Product

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Factors Affecting Infant Mortality in Rural Bangladesh: Results from a Retrospective Sample Survey¹

Factors Affecting Infant Mortality in Rural Bangladesh: Results from a Retrospective Sample Survey¹