Maternal exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals and hypospadias in offspring

Giordano, F; Abballe, Annalisa; Felip, Elena De; Domenico, Alessandro Di; Ferro, Fabio; Grammatico, Paola; Ingelido, Anna Maria; Marra, Valentina; Marrocco, Giacinto; Vallasciani, Santiago; Figà–Talamanca, Irene

doi:10.1002/bdra.20657

Cited by 67 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…HCB has been associated with cryptorchidism (8) and hypospadias (11), which points 10 to anti-androgenic effects, therefor the positive association between SHBG and HCB found in our study might be an anti-androgenic effect. Therefore, the results might indicate hormone-like activity of some POPs in Caucasian populations.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

“…HCB levels in fatty tissue in children have been associated with cryptorchidism (8), but not when HCB was evaluated in breast milk or maternal blood (9;10). Also, hypospadias in sons has been associated with maternal levels of HCB (11), these findings pointing to anti- 3 androgenic in vivo effects at exposure concentrations encountered in the general population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Environmental hexachlorobenzene exposure and human male reproductive function

Specht

Bonde

Toft

et al. 2015

Reproductive Toxicology

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Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a persistent environmental fungicide that may disrupt androgen regulation. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between HCB levels and biomarkers of male reproductive function. 589 Spouses of pregnant women from Greenland, Poland and Ukraine were enrolled between 2002 and 2004. The men provided semen and blood samples and were interviewed. HCB was measured in serum by gas chromatography. The mean serum concentrations of HCB were higher in Ukraine (182.3ng/g lipid) and Greenland (79.0ng/g lipid) compared to Poland (14.2ng/g lipid). Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and free androgen index (FAI) were associated with HCB in men from Ukraine and Poland. This study spanning large differences in environmental HCB exposure levels shows a positive association for SHBG and negative association for FAI with high serum levels of HCB in fertile men, but without major consequences for semen quality and the Inuit study population.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Environmental hexachlorobenzene exposure and human male reproductive function

Specht

Bonde

Toft

et al. 2015

Reproductive Toxicology

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“…[16][17][18][19][20] We are aware of 1 other study that examined residential proximity to agriculture-related pesticide applications. 22 It too did not find an association with specific chemical exposures, but its exposures were derived from annual statewide summaries of applications to specific crop types.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 Three subsequent large maternal occupation-based studies have not suggested elevated risk. [13][14][15] Studies examining maternal serum levels of persistent pesticides DDE [16][17][18][19][20] and chlordane 21 and 1 study that estimated exposure based on residential proximity to certain crops 22 also do not provide evidence for association. These studies are limited by relatively crude measures of exposure, small sample sizes, or investigation of a limited set of specific compounds.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypospadias and Residential Proximity to Pesticide Applications

2013

PEDIATRICS

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Some studies suggest a contribution of environmental exposures such as pesticides to risk of hypospadias, whereas others do not. One of the challenges that has limited current knowledge is the lack of detailed exposure data. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:This study examined a more detailed assessment of exposure to pesticides than previous studies. Exposure assignments, whether to groups of chemicals, specific chemicals, or a composite involving a number of chemicals, showed a general lack of association with hypospadias. abstract BACKGROUND: Experimental evidence suggests pesticides may be associated with hypospadias.OBJECTIVE: Examine the association of hypospadias with residential proximity to commercial agricultural pesticide applications. METHODS:The study population included male infants born from 1991 to 2004 to mothers residing in 8 California counties. Cases (n = 690) were ascertained by the California Birth Defects Monitoring Program; controls were selected randomly from the birth population (n = 2195). We determined early pregnancy exposure to pesticide applications within a 500-m radius of mother' s residential address, using detailed data on applications and land use. Associations with exposures to physicochemical groups of pesticides and specific chemicals were assessed using logistic regression adjusted for maternal race or ethnicity and age and infant birth year.RESULTS: Forty-one percent of cases and controls were classified as exposed to 57 chemical groups and 292 chemicals. Despite .500 statistical comparisons, there were few elevated odds ratios with confidence intervals that excluded 1 for chemical groups or specific chemicals. Those that did were for monochlorophenoxy acid or ester herbicides; the insecticides aldicarb, dimethoate, phorate, and petroleum oils; and adjuvant polyoxyethylene sorbitol among all cases; 2,6-dinitroaniline herbicides, the herbicide oxyfluorfen, and the fungicide copper sulfate among mild cases; and chloroacetanilide herbicides, polyalkyloxy compounds used as adjuvants, the insecticides aldicarb and acephate, and the adjuvant nonyl-phenoxy-poly(ethylene oxy)ethanol among moderate and severe cases. Odds ratios ranged from 1.9 to 2.9.CONCLUSIONS: Most pesticides were not associated with elevated hypospadias risk. For the few that were associated, results should be interpreted with caution until replicated in other study populations.

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“…Studies from Australia, Italy, and Denmark have shown relative risks of 1.3-2.4 for hypospadias among boys of mothers with a potential exposure to EDC during pregnancy compared to boys of mothers in occupations where EDC exposure is unlikely (30)(31)(32). Moreover, an English case-control study found that occupational exposure to hair spray was associated with a relative risk of 2.3 for hypospadias.…”

Section: Jørgensen Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of cryptorchidism and hypospadias among boys of maternal hairdressers – a Danish population-based cohort study

Jørgensen¹,

Jensen²,

Toft³

et al. 2012

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Maldevelopment of children of women working as hairdressers has been a concern because of exposure to endocrine disrupters. Maternal occupation as hairdresser and risk of cryptorchidism and hypospadias was examined in a cohort of more than 500 000 male infants of occupationally active women. Boys of hairdressers were not at increased risk of cryptorchidism or hypospadias compared to other boys.Affiliation:

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Maternal exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals and hypospadias in offspring

Abstract: This study, although based on a limited number of cases, for the first time provides evidence of an association between maternal exposure to EDCs, in particular elevated plasma hexachlorobenzene concentration, and the development of hypospadias in the offspring.

Cited by 67 publications

References 43 publications

Environmental hexachlorobenzene exposure and human male reproductive function

Environmental hexachlorobenzene exposure and human male reproductive function

Hypospadias and Residential Proximity to Pesticide Applications

Risk of cryptorchidism and hypospadias among boys of maternal hairdressers – a Danish population-based cohort study

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