Maternal exposure to PM2.5 during pregnancy and asthma risk in early childhood

Hazlehurst, Marnie F.; Carroll, Kecia N.; Loftus, Christine T.; Szpiro, Adam A.; Moore, Paul; Kaufman, Joel D.; Kirwa, Kipruto; LeWinn, Kaja Z.; Bush, Nicole R.; Sathyanarayana, Sheela; Tylavsky, Frances A.; Barrett, Emily S.; Nguyen, Ruby; Karr, Catherine J.

doi:10.1097/ee9.0000000000000130

Cited by 42 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Air pollutants can also trigger the development of asthma or allergic diseases ( 21 ). Maternal exposure to air pollution during pregnancy increases the risk of childhood asthma ( 22 ). Fetal immune system workup in allergy is linked to maternal inflammations ( 23 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of the Risk of Childhood Asthma at Age 6 With Maternal Allergic or Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

et al. 2021

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Objective: This study aimed to assess the associations of the risk of asthma diagnosed in children aged 6 years or younger and having maternal immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), inflammatory myositis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjögren's syndrome (SS), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and autoimmune thyroiditis.Methods: A total of 628,878 singleton newborns documented in 2006–2009 and followed up for at least 6 years were identified. Overall, 153,085 (24.3%) children developed asthma at the age of ≤ 6 years. Two groups of maternal ages, i.e., <35 and ≥35 years, were evaluated. The associations of the risk of asthma occurring in children who were 6 years old or younger and had maternal IMIDs were examined.Results: The risk of asthma increased in children whose mothers had SLE [odds ratio (OR), 1.13; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.00–1.27; p = 0.04), RA (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.07–1.38; p = 0.003), inflammatory myositis (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.12–1.74; p = 0.003), asthma (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.52–1.63), allergic rhinitis (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.28–1.32), or atopic dermatitis (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02–1.12). Conversely, this increased risk was not observed in children whose mothers had AS (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.87–1.20), SS (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.86–1.07), SSc (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.77–2.14), or autoimmune thyroiditis (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.95–1.07). Other risk factors of childhood asthma included high urbanization level, preterm birth, and low birth weight.Conclusion: The risk of childhood asthma at 6 years of age increased in children whose mothers suffered from SLE, RA, inflammatory myositis, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of the Risk of Childhood Asthma at Age 6 With Maternal Allergic or Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

et al. 2021

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“…Previous studies conducted in Australia report with similar levels of PM 2.5 and identify an association between air pollutant exposure and pregnancy disorders such as hypertensive disorders during pregnancy and increased likelihood of gestational diabetes mellitus [ 57 ] which can further affect the fetus [ 58 , 59 ]. Another study conducted in the United States, also showing similar levels of PM 2.5 in similar cohorts, has demonstrated that later phases of prenatal lung development may be particularly sensitive to the developmental toxicity of PM 2.5 [ 60 ]. Although air pollution is a universal issue, it is likely that there are high-risk individuals who are susceptible to the greatest harm when exposed to PM 2.5 [ 61 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Air pollution exposure during pregnancy was previously shown to be associated with reduced postnatal lung function [ 93 ], and it has been demonstrated that the effect of prenatal air pollution exposure on lung function at five weeks are sustained up to 11 years of age [ 94 ]. Perinatal air pollution exposure was also demonstrated to affect asthma onset during pre-school and school age periods [ 60 , 95 ]. It is emerging that there might be further life-long implications with several recent studies having shown that lung function in early life tracks into adulthood [ 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 ], and is associated with an increased risk of chronic respiratory diseases including asthma and COPD [ 100 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Air Pollutants Inhaled during Pregnancy Are Associated with Altered Cord Blood Immune Cell Profiles

Gomes

Karmaus

Murphy

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Air pollution exposure during pregnancy may be a risk factor for altered immune maturation in the offspring. We investigated the association between ambient air pollutants during pregnancy and cell populations in cord blood from babies born to mothers with asthma enrolled in the Breathing for Life Trial. For each patient (n = 91), daily mean ambient air pollutant levels were extracted during their entire pregnancy for sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, particulate matter <10 μm (PM10) or <2.5 μm (PM2.5), humidity, and temperature. Ninety-one cord blood samples were collected, stained, and assessed using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Principal Component (PC) analyses of both air pollutants and cell types with linear regression were employed to define associations. Considering risk factors and correlations between PCs, only one PC from air pollutants and two from cell types were statistically significant. PCs from air pollutants were characterized by higher PM2.5 and lower SO2 levels. PCs from cell types were characterized by high numbers of CD8 T cells, low numbers of CD4 T cells, and by high numbers of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and low numbers of myeloid DCs (mDCs). PM2.5 levels during pregnancy were significantly associated with high numbers of pDCs (p = 0.006), and SO2 with high numbers of CD8 T cells (p = 0.002) and low numbers of CD4 T cells (p = 0.011) and mDCs (p = 4.43 × 10−6) in cord blood. These data suggest that ambient SO2 and PM2.5 exposure are associated with shifts in cord blood cell types that are known to play significant roles in inflammatory respiratory disease in childhood.

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“…Recently, a large multi-city sample study in the United States suggests that fetal lung development during 26-36 weeks of gestation is susceptible to the toxicity of PM 2.5 . Their study showed that each 2 µg/m 3 increase in environmental PM 2.5 exposure was considered to be associated with a 1.29-fold increase in asthma risk [12]. A large birth cohort in Taiwan, China has also shown the adverse effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure to PM 2.5 on the development of asthma in children [64].…”

Section: Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of PM2.5 on Chronic Airway Diseases: A Review of Research Progress

Liu

2021

Atmosphere

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The adverse effects of polluted air on human health have been increasingly appreciated worldwide. It is estimated that outdoor air pollution is associated with the death of 4.2 million people globally each year. Accumulating epidemiological studies indicate that exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), one of the important air pollutants, significantly contributes to respiratory mortality and morbidity. PM2.5 causes lung damage mainly by inducing inflammatory response and oxidative stress. In this paper, we reviewed the research results of our group on the effects of PM2.5 on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and lung cancer. And recent research progress on epidemiological studies and potential mechanisms were also discussed. Reducing air pollution, although remaining a major challenge, is the best and most effective way to prevent the onset and progression of respiratory diseases.

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Maternal exposure to PM2.5 during pregnancy and asthma risk in early childhood

Abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Cited by 42 publications

References 32 publications

Association of the Risk of Childhood Asthma at Age 6 With Maternal Allergic or Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

Association of the Risk of Childhood Asthma at Age 6 With Maternal Allergic or Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

Environmental Air Pollutants Inhaled during Pregnancy Are Associated with Altered Cord Blood Immune Cell Profiles

Effects of PM2.5 on Chronic Airway Diseases: A Review of Research Progress

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