Maternal Exposure to Environmental Disruptors and Sexually Dimorphic Changes in Maternal and Neonatal Oxidative Stress

Abstract

Context Early pregnancy exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may contribute to poor birth outcomes through oxidative stress (OS)-mediated disruption of the maternal and fetal milieu. Most studies have investigated the effect of single EDC exposures on OS. Objective Assess the association of uniquely weighted mixtures of early pregnancy exposures with the maternal and neonatal OS markers. Design Prospective analysis of mother–infant dyads Setting University hospital. Participants 56 mother–infant dyads. Main Outcome Measures The association of OS markers (nitrotyrosine, dityrosine, chlorotyrosine) in maternal first trimester and term, and cord blood plasma with maternal first trimester exposure levels of each of 41 toxicants (trace elements, metals, phenols, and phthalates) from 56 subjects was analyzed using Spearman correlations and linear regression. The association of OS markers with inflammatory cytokines and birth outcomes were analyzed by Spearman correlation and linear regression analysis, respectively. Weighted mixtures of early pregnancy exposures were created by principal component analysis and offspring sex-dependent and independent associations with oxidative stress markers were assessed. Results (1) An inverse relationship between levels of maternal/cord OS markers and individual EDCs was evident. In contrast, when assessed as EDC mixtures, both direct and inverse associations were evident in a sex-specific manner; (2) the maternal term OS marker, nitrotyrosine, was inversely associated with gestational age, and (3) both direct and inverse associations were evident between the 3 OS markers and individual cytokines. Conclusions Provides proof of concept that effects of exposures on OS varies when assessed as EDC mixtures versus individually.

Cross-Sectional Estimation of Endogenous Biomarker Associations with Prenatal Phenols, Phthalates, Metals, and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Single-Pollutant and Mixtures Analysis Approaches

“…2020 ). Consistent with our findings, adjusted linear regression models in the prospective analyses of that study reported a negative association between first-trimester maternal urinary Pb and neonatal cord blood CY ( Puttabyatappa et al. 2020 ).…”

“…2019 ). However, their findings for first-trimester urinary phthalate metabolites in adjusted linear regression models were less consistent, where inverse cross-sectional associations were observed between two metabolites (MCPP and MCINP) and the first-trimester maternal plasma CY level ( Puttabyatappa et al. 2020 ).…”

“…In a separate prospective birth cohort of singleton pregnancies based in Michigan ( ), specific gravity–adjusted phenols, phthalates, and metals were measured in maternal urine samples in the first trimester (8–14 wk gestation) for cross-sectional and prospective analyses with oxidative stress biomarkers measured in maternal urine samples and neonatal cord blood samples ( Puttabyatappa et al. 2020 ).…”

“…2020 ). In addition, in prospective analyses, first-trimester maternal urinary MBzP was inversely associated with neonatal cord blood NY ( Puttabyatappa et al. 2020 ).…”

Elevated cord blood oxidative stress biomarkers negatively affect neonatal outcomes of mothers with severe preeclampsia: A case-control study

“…Demographics, obstetric history, perinatal data, delivery, and newborn outcomes were recorded by two trained research obstetricians from Fuzhou Maternal And Child Health Care System. Maternal serum Hcy levels at the first trimester (the first prenatal appointment between 8-12 weeks), the second trimester (24)(25)(26)(27)(28) weeks), and the third trimester (admission to the hospital for delivery) were recorded.…”