Maternal Exposure and Neonatal Effects of Drugs of Abuse

Barry, Jessica M.; Jasin, Lisa R.; Sherwin, Catherine M.T.

doi:10.1002/jcph.1928

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 144 publications

(166 reference statements)

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“…Along with pre-and perinatal disturbances (such as premature labor, neonatal abstinence syndrome, and other complications including meconium aspiration, jaundice, feeding difficulties) 8 and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes (cognitive and motor deficits), 6 methadone exposure has been associated with abnormalities in visual functioning. However, a recent meta-analysis 6 could not confirm a causal relationship between in utero opioid exposure and eye abnormalities for several confounding variables and limitations of the studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Visual and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Two Children with Congenital Nystagmus Secondary to Methadone Exposure In utero

Galli,

Loi,

Franzoni

et al. 2023

Neuropediatrics

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Methadone is used as a substitute for illicit opioids during pregnancy. However, the real effect of this molecule on visual and neurodevelopmental outcomes of the children exposed is not fully understood, since studies considered subjects born to polydrug-dependent mothers and followed for few months/years.We report the long-term outcomes of two infants with congenital nystagmus solely exposed to methadone in utero. Neurological and neurovisual evaluations were performed every year from the first year of life to 11 years of age. One child was diagnosed with developmental coordination disorder. Both cases presented with ophthalmologic (refractive errors), oculomotor (nystagmus and fixation, smooth pursuit, and saccades dysfunctions), and perceptive problems (reduced visual acuity and contrast sensitivity). While nystagmus and other oculomotor dysfunctions remained stable over time, visual acuity and contrast sensitivity improved; refractive errors worsened and required corrective lenses. Both children showed normal neurodevelopmental and cognitive profile.This report highlights the long-term visual and developmental outcomes of two children exclusively exposed to methadone underlining the possibility of a visual dysfunction and motor coordination disorder. These observations prompt the need to investigate prenatal drug exposure as a cause of congenital nystagmus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Visual and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Two Children with Congenital Nystagmus Secondary to Methadone Exposure In utero

Galli,

Loi,

Franzoni

et al. 2023

Neuropediatrics

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“…Considerable evidence has been found in human beings that can indicate that if a fetus is exposed to drug abuse by its mother, the risk of the child, at last, becoming an addict is high (31). The onset of drug abuse in children is highly related to exposure to a mother's consumption of nicotine and alcohol during pregnancy (32).…”

Section: The Effect Of Substance Use During Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

The First 1000 Days of Life and the Risk of Future Drug Consumption

Mirzaei

Oroomiei

Nakhaee

2022

Int J High Risk Behav Addict

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Context: The first 1000 days of life last from the beginning of pregnancy to the age of two, a unique step that shapes the basis for a person’s health over their lifetime. Numerous studies have indicated the relationship between one’s first 1000 days of life and the consequent adverse outcomes in adulthood. However, to the extent that we have reviewed it, not a single study has shown the relationship between various aspects of an individual’s first 1000 days of life and the probability of drug consumption in adult life. Hence, the primary purpose of this narrative review was to understand the role of the first 1000 days of life on vulnerability to drug abuse later in life. Methods: This article is a narrative review that has identified the role of the first 1000 days of life on susceptibility to substance abuse later in life. The articles were extracted from valid databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Embase. Results: Various significant research has pointed to the mother’s distress and anxiety during pregnancy through embryonic planning, influencing the planning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and epigenetic changes. The intestinal microbiota is a part of a complex link named the microbiota-gut-brain axis that can affect drug abuse through the variety and number of intestinal microbiota. On the other hand, a mother’s drug consumption during pregnancy can function as chronic stress by affecting the enteric nervous system (ENS), which activates the concurrent axis of HPA and dopamine pathways by changing the reward circuit and the subsequent increase in drug abuse. The results indicated that various factors, such as exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), parental separation, and attachment insecurity, increase the probability of drug abuse in adulthood. Nevertheless, the quality of nurturing care during the first 1000 days of life and the mother’s warm relationship with children may hinder the increase in addiction in society. Conclusions: The first 1000 days of one's life are a crucial and delicate stage. If these days are tainted with unpleasant events, the various mechanisms can reduce a person's resilience to drug abuse in later life. How the first 1000 days of an infant’s life and the quality of this period, such as prenatal stress, substance use during pregnancy, ACEs, maternal-infant bonding, maternal separation (MS), and intestinal microbiota, can affect drug abuse in the future. As a result, focusing on the first 1000 days of life is critical to adapting prevention strategies. Health policymakers can design suitable entries during pregnancy and early childhood to reduce the probability of drug abuse.

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“…Multiple studies have documented the harmful effects of drug abuse, indicating an increased risk of diseases such as mental illness, respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, liver disease, neurological disease, endocrine disease, cancer, and premature death (Aldridge et al, 2018; Barry et al, 2021; Larney et al, 2020; Peacock et al, 2021; Tran et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytogenotoxicity effects in addicts with multidrug consumption

González‐Santiago,

Gómez‐Cabrera,

Baptista‐Rosas

et al. 2024

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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Drug abuse is considered a global health problem with serious social impact. In recent decades, changes in drug consumption patterns have shown a clear rising trend in the use of multiple drugs. Although the buccal micronucleus cytome (BMCyt) assay has evaluated cytotoxicity in drug abuse, there has not been an approach that takes into account this pattern of multiple drug use. Therefore, in this study, we evaluate for the first time the cytogenotoxic effects in multidrug users, and its correlation with the amount consumed and years of abuse. This study was conducted on 166 individuals by the BMCyt assay. A total of 83 individuals with a history of multiple licit (alcohol and tobacco) and at least one illicit drug abuse (marijuana, methamphetamines, cocaine, and/or inhalants), and 83 healthy individuals, non‐drug abusers were analyzed. The results showed that drug abusers had higher frequencies of nuclear abnormalities nuclear buds, binucleated cells, pyknotic nuclei (PNs), karyorrhexis (KX), and abnormally condensed chromatin when compared with healthy controls. Moreover, results suggests that the use of licit and illicit drugs is related to cytogenotoxic damage, as was shown by an upward trend in the frequency of nuclear abnormalities identified in groups 1 (alcohol + tobacco + at least one illicit drug) and 2 (tobacco + at least one illicit drug). Furthermore, a positive correlation was found in the different groups, between the years and the amount of consumption of some drugs (alcohol, methamphetamine, and tobacco) with cytotoxicity markers such as KL, KX, and PNs.

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Maternal Exposure and Neonatal Effects of Drugs of Abuse

Cited by 11 publications

References 144 publications

Long-Term Visual and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Two Children with Congenital Nystagmus Secondary to Methadone Exposure In utero

Long-Term Visual and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Two Children with Congenital Nystagmus Secondary to Methadone Exposure In utero

The First 1000 Days of Life and the Risk of Future Drug Consumption

Cytogenotoxicity effects in addicts with multidrug consumption

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