Maternal endothelial soluble cell adhesion molecules with isolated small for gestational age fetuses: comparison with pre‐eclampsia

Abstract

Objective 1.To evaluate the activation profile of the endothelium in pregnancies complicated by small for gestational age fetuses compared with pre-eclampsia and normal pregnancy, by measuring the plasma levels of soluble adhesion molecules soluble E-selectin, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. 2. To determine whether soluble adhesion molecules were related to the severity of small for gestational age fetuses and pre-eclampsia. Design Observational study. Participants Sixteen women with small for gestational age fetuses; 15 women with pre-eclampsia and 15 healthy primigravidae were recruited as controls. Methods Plasma levels of soluble E-selectin, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 were measured by ELISA. Results Compared with the healthy controls, soluble E-selectin was significantly increased in both small for gestational age fetuses and pre-eclampsia, whereas intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 were increased only in pre-eclampsia. In the small for gestational age fetuses group, soluble E-selectin correlated inversely with the ratio between birthweight and the expected normal birthweight (r ¼ -0.4, P ¼ 0.007). In the pre-eclampsia group, a significant correlation was observed between vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and blood pressure (r ¼ 0.54, P ¼ 0.039). Conclusions Endothelial activation, reflected by raised levels of soluble E-selectin, is a feature of small for gestational age fetuses and is correlated with the severity of the disease. Differences in the profile of soluble cell adhesion molecules suggest variations in the degrees of endothelial activation between pre-eclampsia and small for gestational age fetuses.

Serum E-selectin in Preeclampsia: A Case – Control Study

“…However, there were no statistical differences in the levels of E-selectin between mild and severe PE (14). In France, Bretelle et al and Bersinger et al in Switzerland reported similar results in increasing Eselectin in PE (15,16). In Carty DM et al study, E-selectin concentrations were higher in women who develop PE in preterm labor lower than 28 weeks (8).…”

Total and Fetal Cell-Free DNA Analysis in Maternal Blood as Markers of Placental Insufficiency in Intrauterine Growth Restriction

“…Those microparticles would induce endothelial dysfunction [32] and neutrophil activation with release of neutrophil extracellular traps full of DNA [29] . Endothelial cell activation has been documented in IUGR pregnancies [33] with modification of specific endothelial marker concentrations [34] . There is also an increased risk of developing hypertension or ischemic cardiopathy for women who carried a growth-restricted fetus [35] , suggesting maternal endothelial damage in isolated IUGR.…”

Preeclampsia and pregnancies with small-for-gestational age neonates have different profiles of complement split products

“…In addition, activation of the innate immune system and an exaggerated maternal systemic inflammatory response has been described in preeclampsia[67, 71, 73, 75, 100–106] and, to a lesser extent, in SGA. [72,75,104,106–108] Evidence to support this view includes: 1) leukocyte activation, [72,73] 2) increased maternal serum concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-alpha, [108] and 3) increased plasma markers of endothelial cell activation.…”

“…[72,75,104,106–108] Evidence to support this view includes: 1) leukocyte activation, [72,73] 2) increased maternal serum concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-alpha, [108] and 3) increased plasma markers of endothelial cell activation. [75,76]…”