Maternal effects and evolution at ecological time‐scales

Räsänen, Katja; Kruuk, Loeske E. B.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01246.x

Cited by 412 publications

(497 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…In contrast, a negative cross‐generation genetic correlation between the traits, such as found here when selecting for delayed phenology, will counteract the environmental correlation, slowing the response to selection. This suggests that transgenerational effects constraining evolutionary change (e.g., Räsänen & Kruuk, 2007; Wilson & Réale, 2006) may have shaped the genetic correlation found between germination and flowering time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A majority of empirical studies have demonstrated that cross‐generation genetic correlations tend to be negative and act in opposition to within‐generation genetic correlations (Galloway, Etterson, & McGlothlin, 2009; Räsänen & Kruuk, 2007; Wilson & Réale, 2006). Opposing maternal–offspring genetic correlations can act as a constraint to rapid evolutionary change as they reduce the available additive genetic variation and as such may be favored during episodes of stabilizing selection (Wolf & Brodie, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response to joint selection on germination and flowering phenology depends on the direction of selection

Galloway

Watson

Prendeville

2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Flowering and germination time are components of phenology, a complex phenotype that incorporates a number of traits. In natural populations, selection is likely to occur on multiple components of phenology at once. However, we have little knowledge of how joint selection on several phenological traits influences evolutionary response. We conducted one generation of artificial selection for all combinations of early and late germination and flowering on replicated lines within two independent base populations in the herb Campanula americana. We then measured response to selection and realized heritability for each trait. Response to selection and heritability were greater for flowering time than germination time, indicating greater evolutionary potential of this trait. Selection for earlier phenology, both flowering and germination, did not depend on the direction of selection on the other trait, whereas response to selection to delay germination and flowering was greater when selection on the other trait was in the opposite direction (e.g., early germination and late flowering), indicating a negative genetic correlation between the traits. Therefore, the extent to which correlations shaped response to selection depended on the direction of selection. Furthermore, the genetic correlation between timing of germination and flowering varies across the trait distributions. The negative correlation between germination and flowering time found when selecting for delayed phenology follows theoretical predictions of constraint for traits that jointly determine life history schedule. In contrast, the lack of constraint found when selecting for an accelerated phenology suggests a reduction of the covariance due to strong selection favoring earlier flowering and a shorter life cycle. This genetic architecture, in turn, will facilitate further evolution of the early phenology often favored in warm climates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response to joint selection on germination and flowering phenology depends on the direction of selection

Galloway

Watson

Prendeville

2018

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Because maternal effects can generate alternative phenotypes in response to environmental fluctuations, this phenotypic change, Rubolini et al [174] i.e. plasticity, may be critical for responding to rapidly changing environments [188].…”

Section: Hormonally Mediated Maternal Effects On Dispersal and Populamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonally mediated maternal effects, individual strategy and global change

Meylan¹,

Miles

Clobert

2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

101

108

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A challenge to ecologists and evolutionary biologists is predicting organismal responses to the anticipated changes to global ecosystems through climate change. Most evidence suggests that short-term global change may involve increasing occurrences of extreme events, therefore the immediate response of individuals will be determined by physiological capacities and life-history adaptations to cope with extreme environmental conditions. Here, we consider the role of hormones and maternal effects in determining the persistence of species in altered environments. Hormones, specifically steroids, are critical for patterning the behaviour and morphology of parents and their offspring. Hence, steroids have a pervasive influence on multiple aspects of the offspring phenotype over its lifespan. Stress hormones, e.g. glucocorticoids, modulate and perturb phenotypes both early in development and later into adulthood. Females exposed to abiotic stressors during reproduction may alter the phenotypes by manipulation of hormones to the embryos. Thus, hormone-mediated maternal effects, which generate phenotypic plasticity, may be one avenue for coping with global change. Variation in exposure to hormones during development influences both the propensity to disperse, which alters metapopulation dynamics, and population dynamics, by affecting either recruitment to the population or subsequent life-history characteristics of the offspring. We suggest that hormones may be an informative index to the potential for populations to adapt to changing environments.

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“…Quantitative genetics models examine the evolution of parental provisioning of dependent offspring in terms of adaptive maternal effects, defined as environmental conditions generated by the parent that influences the expression of offspring traits such as growth and survival (Cheverud 1984;Kirkpatrick & Lande 1989;Cheverud & Moore 1994;Mousseau & Fox 1998;Räsänen & Kruuk 2007). Although maternal effects are defined as environmental sources of variation, they are likely to have a partially genetic basis, in which case they might evolve in response to selection (Kirkpatrick & Lande 1989).…”

Section: Behavioural Ecology Versus Quantitative Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parent–offspring conflict and co-adaptation: behavioural ecology meets quantitative genetics

2008

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The evolution of the complex and dynamic behavioural interactions between caring parents and their dependent offspring is a major area of research in behavioural ecology and quantitative genetics. While behavioural ecologists examine the evolution of interactions between parents and offspring in the light of parent-offspring conflict and its resolution, quantitative geneticists explore the evolution of such interactions in the light of parent-offspring co-adaptation due to combined effects of parental and offspring behaviours on fitness. To date, there is little interaction or integration between these two fields. Here, we first review the merits and limitations of each of these two approaches and show that they provide important complementary insights into the evolution of strategies for offspring begging and parental resource provisioning. We then outline how central ideas from behavioural ecology and quantitative genetics can be combined within a framework based on the concept of behavioural reaction norms, which provides a common basis for behavioural ecologists and quantitative geneticists to study the evolution of parent-offspring interactions. Finally, we discuss how the behavioural reaction norm approach can be used to advance our understanding of parent-offspring conflict by combining information about the genetic basis of traits from quantitative genetics with key insights regarding the adaptive function and dynamic nature of parental and offspring behaviours from behavioural ecology.

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Maternal effects and evolution at ecological time‐scales

Cited by 412 publications

References 145 publications

Response to joint selection on germination and flowering phenology depends on the direction of selection

Response to joint selection on germination and flowering phenology depends on the direction of selection

Hormonally mediated maternal effects, individual strategy and global change

Parent–offspring conflict and co-adaptation: behavioural ecology meets quantitative genetics

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