Maternal dietary patterns and gestational diabetes mellitus: a large prospective cohort study in China

Abstract

Few studies have explored the relationship between dietary patterns and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Evidence from non-Western areas is particularly lacking. In the present study, we aimed to examine the associations between dietary patterns and the risk of GDM in a Chinese population. A total of 3063 pregnant Chinese women from an ongoing prospective cohort study were included. Data on dietary intake were collected using a FFQ at 24-27 weeks of gestation. GDM was diagnosed using a 75 g, 2 h oral glucose tolerance test. Dietary patterns were determined by principal components factor analysis. A log-binomial regression model was used to examine the associations between dietary pattern and the risk of GDM. The analysis identified four dietary patterns: vegetable pattern; protein-rich pattern; prudent pattern; sweets and seafood pattern. Multivariate analysis showed that the highest tertile of the vegetable pattern was associated with a decreased risk of GDM (relative risk (RR) 0·79, 95 % CI 0·64, 0·97), compared with the lowest tertile, whereas the highest tertile of the sweets and seafood pattern was associated with an increased risk of GDM (RR 1·23, 95 % CI 1·02, 1·49). No significant association was found for either the protein-rich or the prudent pattern. The protective effect of a high vegetable pattern score was more evident among women who had a family history of diabetes (P for interaction¼ 0·022). These findings suggest that the vegetable pattern was associated with a decreased risk of GDM, while the sweets and seafood pattern was associated with an increased risk of GDM. These findings may be useful in dietary counselling during pregnancy.

Primary prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus through nutritional factors: a systematic review

“…On the other hand, the observational studies collected in Table S2 (Additional file 2) showed that achieving a healthier dietary pattern [25], such a Mediterranean dietary pattern, and lowering the intake of foods with high heme iron content, sugar sweetened cola, potatoes, fatty foods and sweets, can reduce the incidence of GDM, especially among the high-risk population and before getting pregnant [8, 21–23, 32–34]. …”

Does tea consumption during early pregnancy have an adverse effect on birth outcomes?

“…The Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study (BIGCS) is an ongoing prospective study conducted by the Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center (GWCMC), China, which commenced in February 2012. Details of the recruitment can be found elsewhere . Briefly, all pregnant women residing within Guangzhou who attended their first routine antenatal examination (usually around week 16) at two campuses of GWCMC, and who intended to remain in Guangzhou with their child for ≥3 years were invited to participate in BIGCS.…”

Validity and Reproducibility of a Dietary Questionnaire for Consumption Frequencies of Foods during Pregnancy in the Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study (BIGCS)

“…Considering the time constraints of the interview and the challenges of recalling the food portion size, we designed a new dietary questionnaire (FFQ) for recalling the frequencies of foods intake in the previous week without collecting the portion size. The frequency component collected by the FFQ has been used to estimate the dietary patterns of pregnant women in the BIGCS studies [13,14]. …”