Maternal dietary fat intake during pregnancy and newborn body composition

Abstract

Objective Increased infant birth weight and adiposity are associated with altered risk of adult chronic diseases. The objective was to investigate the association between maternal dietary fat intake during pregnancy and newborn adiposity. Study Design The study included 79 singleton pregnancies. Associations between maternal dietary fat intake during each trimester and infant adiposity at birth were assessed. Result Average total grams of maternal total dietary fat and unsaturated fat intake during pregnancy correlated with infant percent body fat after adjusting for potential confounding variables ( r =0.23, p=0.045; r =0.24, p=0.037). Maternal average daily intake of total fat, saturated fat, and unsaturated fat during the second trimester of pregnancy were each associated with infant percent body fat ( r =0.25, p=0.029; r =0.23, p=0.046; r =0.25, p=0.031; respectively). Conclusion The second trimester of pregnancy is a key time period for fetal adipose tissue metabolic programming and therefore a target for nutritional intervention.

Functional and genomic adaptations of blood monocytes to pregravid obesity during pregnancy

“…Women underwent a fasting blood draw and body composition via air displacement plethysmography using a BodPod (Life Measurement Inc). These 117 subjects were a subset from a larger cohort that we recently described in greater detail ( Damen et al., 2021 ; Marshall et al., 2019 , 2020 ). No significant differences in race/ethnicity breakdown, parity, gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery, fetal birth weight, or fetal sex were found between the lean subjects and those with obesity ( Table 1 ).…”

Expression of glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide in the rat submandibular gland is influenced by pre- and post-natal high-fat diet exposure

“…Moreover, the timing of the intrauterine exposure might cause diverse programming consequences ( Sutton et al, 2016 ). In humans, the second trimester of pregnancy is critical for the development of the fetus ( Damen et al, 2021 ). Therefore, the relationship between fat consumption and the baby’s body fat percentage during this time was the strongest ( Catalano and Shankar, 2017 ; Damen et al, 2021 ).…”

“…In contrast, the source of fat in HFD32 was derived from powdered beef tallow and safflower oil ( Supplementary Table S1 ). Because the peak sensitivity for the embryo’s development is in the second trimester and before the salivary gland was established in the late second trimester, the specific diet of the pregnant rats was commenced on day 7 of pregnancy ( Quirós-Terrón et al, 2019 ; Damen et al, 2021 ; Harada et al, 2023 ). The diet was also continued during the breastfeeding period.…”

Infant body composition: A comprehensive overview of assessment techniques, nutrition factors, and health outcomes

“…A variety of factors, including maternal obesity, [70][71][72] maternal diet, [73][74][75] and gestational weight gain, 71,76,77 can affect infant body composition, but postnatal factors such as feeding practices and nutrient intake are often of interest to pediatric clinicians and researchers because these are considered modifiable postnatally. For this review, we will focus on nutrition-related factors and their relationship to infant body composition in term and preterm infants.…”