Maternal diabetes and its effect on biochemical and functional development of rabbit fetal lung

Bhavnani, Bhagu R.; Enhörning, Göran; Ekelund, Laila; Wallace, Duncan G.; Pan, Chee Chung

doi:10.1139/o88-048

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Energy derived from the glycolytic pathway appears adequate to meet the requirements of fetal lung development (Sorokin, 1961). Our results are consistent with those of a recent study of diabetes in pregnant rabbits where hyperglycemia did not impair energy production from anaerobic glycolysis in the fetal lungs (Bhavnani et al, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Development of the conducting airway epithelium in fetal Syrian golden hamsters during normal and diabetic pregancies

et al. 1990

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The conducting airway epithelium of fetal Syrian golden hamsters was studied from gestational day 12 to day 15, during normal and uncontrolled diabetic pregnancies. Diabetes was induced in the pregnant hamsters by injecting streptozotocin at 60 mg/kg body weight, subcutaneously, early on gestational day 10. Cells in S-phase were labelled immunochemically with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), and the day on which endocrine cells and ciliated cells first appeared was determined. In control fetuses, the BrdU-labelling indices (LI's) of different anatomical airway levels were significantly different from one gestational day to the next. For example, the LI of the lobar bronchus was significantly different on each gestational day (P less than .0001), and the same was true of the bronchioles. Moreover, the difference between LI's of the lobar bronchus and bronchioles-terminal buds was highly significant on day 12 (P less than .0001), and on day 13 the differences between lobar bronchus and bronchioles, lobar bronchus and terminal buds, and bronchioles and terminal buds were also highly significant (P less than .0001). However, on gestational days 14 and 15, the LI's were reduced and were comparable at different airway levels. The BrdU-labelling indices were very consistent among fetuses of the same age, and the differences between the average LI's for pups of different litters was numerically very small. Hyperglycemia (mild, moderate, severe) did not alter LI's in the fetal airway epithelial cells. Furthermore, although glycogen was not depleted from the airway epithelium of the hyperglycemic fetuses as it was in the controls, the endocrine cells first appeared on gestational days 12, 13, and 14, respectively, in the trachea, lobar bronchus and bronchioles, followed 1 day later by the ciliated cells, in the fetuses of control and diabetic mothers. In our experimental model, induction of diabetes in the pregnant hamsters on gestational day 10 did not appear to alter development or differentiation of the fetal conducting airway epithelium.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Development of the conducting airway epithelium in fetal Syrian golden hamsters during normal and diabetic pregancies

et al. 1990

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“…132,133 Mechanistically, hyperinsulinaemia is capable of influencing surfactant synthesis; with insulin abolishing lecithin synthesis 134 and reducing choline uptake by type 2 pneumocytes. 137 This highlights the importance of good glycaemic control throughout gestation, but effects of hyperinsulinaemia on surfactant secretion could also be important later, particularly intrapartum. 137 This highlights the importance of good glycaemic control throughout gestation, but effects of hyperinsulinaemia on surfactant secretion could also be important later, particularly intrapartum.…”

Section: Respiratory Distressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type 1 Diabetes in Pregnancy; Influences on Mother and Fetus

Nelson

Lindsay

2009

Fet. Matern. Med. Rev.

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Type 1 diabetes complicates around 1 in 200 to 300 pregnancies in the United Kingdom. Historically maternal type 1 diabetes carried very high risks for mother and child. Introduction of insulin led to an immediate, marked decline in the previously very high rates of maternal mortality; in contrast an improvement in perinatal outcomes occurred more slowly but was nevertheless dramatic. This is strikingly demonstrated by the temporal decline in perinatal mortality in offspring of mothers with type 1 diabetes which was virtually universal before use of insulin in the 1920's, likely remained in excess of 20% even in the 1960's and fell to under 4% by the 1990's. The reasons for this more gradual improvement in perinatal outcomes cannot be defined with precision but will have been influenced by improved glycaemic management with use of intensive, multiple dose insulin treatment and home glucose monitoring; improvements in obstetric and neonatal management, and better management of complications of diabetes before and during pregnancy. In 1989 the St Vincent declaration proposed that pregnancy outcomes in women with type 1 diabetes should approximate those of the non-diabetic population. While the long term improvements in fetal outcomes have been dramatic, contemporary surveys confirm a persistent doubling or more of rates of congenital anomaly and a three to four fold increase in perinatal mortality in the UK and other European countries which will require further clinical innovation to overcome.

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Ontogeny of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and key enzymes involved in glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle in rabbit fetal lung, heart, and liver

Bhavnani

Wallace²

1990

Biochem. Cell Biol.

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The metabolic pathways by which the glycogen is utilized by fetal tissues is not well established. In the present study the ontogeny of seven key enzymes involved in glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle has been established for rabbit fetal lung, heart, and liver. In the fetal lung the activities of phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactic dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and malate dehydrogenase increase from day 21 to 25. Thereafter the levels either drop to day 19 levels or do not change. The isocitrate dehydrogenase activity continues to increase from day 19 of gestation to maximum level on day 31 of gestation. In fetal heart the pattern of activity is similar, but in fetal liver most of the enzymes reach maximum levels earlier and, with the exception of pyruvate kinase, do not show a significant fall in activity near term. The pattern of development of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is different; maximum activity is observed on day 27 in fetal lung and heart and on day 21 in fetal liver. These results indicate that all three fetal tissues can oxidize glucose. Also, the accumulation of glycogen, particularly in fetal lung, appears to ensure that at specific times during gestation adequate quantities of energy (ATP) and substrates, required for surfactant phospholipid synthesis, are available independent of maternal supply of glucose or during brief episodes of hypoxia.

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Maternal diabetes and its effect on biochemical and functional development of rabbit fetal lung

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Development of the conducting airway epithelium in fetal Syrian golden hamsters during normal and diabetic pregancies

Development of the conducting airway epithelium in fetal Syrian golden hamsters during normal and diabetic pregancies

Type 1 Diabetes in Pregnancy; Influences on Mother and Fetus

Ontogeny of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and key enzymes involved in glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle in rabbit fetal lung, heart, and liver

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