Maternal Deprivation in the Rat: Prevention of Mortality by Nonlactating Adults

Sm, Plaut; Thal, Alan P.; Ee, Haynes; Je, Wagner

doi:10.1097/00006842-197407000-00005

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…While the sleep disturbance was reduced by supplementary feeding [92], other prominent cardiac effects, behavioral and physiological alterations (e.g., susceptibility to gastric erosion, increased activity) were not significantly altered. Only the presence of odor or tactile cues from the mother or another conspecific reversed the remaining aspects of protest [3,163,164].…”

Section: Comparative Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal models and human depressive disorders

Katz

1981

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

212

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Clinical depressive disorders are complex in presentation, dissimilar in origins and course, and often pleomorphic in character. An adequate understanding of their origins, biological substrates, and amenability to established and novel forms of therapy demands biological and social interventions which cannot always readily or ethically be carried out in a clinical setting. One useful complementary approach to clinical research utilizes preclinical models for laboratory investigations in parallel. The present paper reviews current approaches to modelling depression using animals, with particular emphasis upon phylogenetic constraints, systematic validity and reliability, and nosological limitations. Preclinical models are useful and necessary adjuncts for adequately understanding depression in humans. However, their utility remains a direct function of a continuing dialogue between clinical and laboratory research, and demands scrupulous observation and methodological rigor on the part of both clinicians and experimental researchers.

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Section: Comparative Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal models and human depressive disorders

Katz

1981

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

212

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“…Very early separation (13 days postnatal age) has been shown to be lethal, but death can be prevented by a nonlactating foster mother and, thus, is unlikely to be due simply to nutritional deficits (Plaut, 1974). The processes responsible for the extraordinary impact of this early experience are the subject of current investigation.…”

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confidence: 99%

The organization of sleep and wakefulness after maternal separation in young rats

Hofer

1976

Developmental Psychobiology

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Two-week-old infant rats were studied before and after 24 hr of maternal absence. This experience produced an increase in time spent awake, a reduction in time spent in paradoxical sleep (PS), and an increased frequency of state transitions with more frequent and shorter periods of both slow-wave sleep (SWS) AND PS. Body movements were increased and nonnutritive sucking decreased during PS after separation. Other aspects of sleep organization were relativly stable: the pattern of probability of direction of state transitions, the integration of the physiological and behavioral determinants of state, the pattern and amount of nonnutritive sucking, and the underlying PS cycle period. These findings, and the results of 2 control experiments, suggest that some aspects of the prolonged absence of the mother produce a shift in the infant's central neutral state regulation through processes yet to be understood.

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“…They cohere, for example, with what we know from animal studies and other human studies about how increasing care support for children and neonates improves their health (J. Bowlby, 1951; Lewis, Gluck, Petitto, Hensley, & Ozer, 2000; Plaut, Thal, Haynes, & Wagner, 1974; Shaw, Levitt, Wong, Kaczorowski, & McMaster University Postpartum Research, 2006).…”

Section: Applying Bradford Hill Guidelines To the Association Betweenmentioning

confidence: 78%

Establishing a causal link between social relationships and health using the Bradford Hill Guidelines

Howick

Kelly

2019

SSM - Population Health

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An abundance of evidence suggests that the size and quality of our social relationships improves humans' physical and mental health while increasing lifespan. However most of this evidence comes from observational rather than experimental (randomised trial) evidence, leaving open the possibility that the connection between social relationships and health could be associational rather than causal. However there are examples, including the link between smoking and lung cancer, where a cause was established without experimental evidence. This was sometimes achieved by looking at the totality of evidence, using the ‘Bradford Hill Guidelines’, which considers factors including the strength of association, reversibility, and evidence of a plausible mechanism. In this paper we apply the Bradford Hill Guidelines to the link between social relationships and health. We conclude that having strong and supportive social relationships causes better health and longer life. Beyond establishing that social relationships are a causal factor for health, the method we used here can be applied to other areas where randomised trials are unethical or not feasible.

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Maternal Deprivation in the Rat: Prevention of Mortality by Nonlactating Adults

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Animal models and human depressive disorders

Animal models and human depressive disorders

The organization of sleep and wakefulness after maternal separation in young rats

Establishing a causal link between social relationships and health using the Bradford Hill Guidelines

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