Maternal BMI and nutritional status in early pregnancy and its impact on neonatal outcomes at birth in Bangladesh

Bhowmik, Bishwajit; Siddique, Tasnima; Majumder, Anindita; Mdala, Ibrahimu; Hossain, Israt Ara; Hassan, Zurina; Jahan, Ishrat; Moreira, Nayla Cristina do Vale; Alim, Abdul; Basit, Abdul; Hitman, G. A.; Khan, Abul Kalam Azad; Hussain, Akhtar

doi:10.1186/s12884-019-2571-5

Cited by 31 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The studies conducted so far show divergent results of the analyses of the relationships between maternal obesity and LBW risk. Several studies have found an effect of maternal obesity on a higher risk of LBW [ 17 , 18 ], but other studies have not confirmed this [ 8 , 9 , 19 ]. Low birth weight (LBW) has rather been associated with maternal low body mass index (BMI) or low mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) [ 16 , 20 , 21 , 22 ], as well as other factors (e.g., smoking or maternal hypertension) [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Obesity and Risk of Low Birth Weight, Fetal Growth Restriction, and Macrosomia: Multiple Analyses

Lewandowska

2021

Nutrients

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The associations between maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and low birth weight (LBW, <2500 g) remain inconclusive. Therefore, birth weight in a Polish prospective cohort of 912 mothers was investigated depending on the pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). The whole cohort and the subgroup of gestational weight gain (GWG) in the range of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations, as well as ‘healthy’ women (who did not develop diabetes or hypertension in this pregnancy) were investigated. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) of the newborn outcomes (with 95% confidence intervals, CI) for obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) vs. normal BMI (18.5−24.9 kg/m2) were calculated using multiple logistic regression. Risk profiles (in the Lowess method) were presented for BMI values (kg/m2) and threshold BMI values were calculated. (1) In the cohort, LBW affected 6.6% of pregnancies, fetal growth restriction (FGR) 2.3%, and macrosomia 10.6%. (2) The adjusted risk of macrosomia was more than three-fold higher for obesity compared to normal BMI in the whole cohort (AOR = 3.21 (1.69−6.1), p < 0.001) and the result was maintained in the subgroups. A 17-fold higher adjusted LBW risk for obesity was found (AOR = 17.42 (1.5−202.6), p = 0.022), but only in the normal GWG subgroup. The FGR risk profile was U-shaped: in the entire cohort, the risk was more than three times higher for obesity (AOR = 3.12 (1.02−9.54), p = 0.045) and underweight (AOR = 3.84 (1.13−13.0), p = 0.031). (3) The risk profiles showed that the highest BMI values were found to be associated with a higher risk of these three newborn outcomes and the threshold BMI was 23.7 kg/m2 for macrosomia, 26.2 kg/m2 for LBW, and 31.8 kg/m2 for FGR. These results confirm the multidirectional effects of obesity on fetal growth (low birth weight, fetal growth restriction, and macrosomia). The results for LBW were heavily masked by the effects of abnormal gestational weight gain.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Obesity and Risk of Low Birth Weight, Fetal Growth Restriction, and Macrosomia: Multiple Analyses

Lewandowska

2021

Nutrients

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“…In Bangladesh, previous studies have shown a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among non-pregnant women [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ] and postmenopausal women [ 18 ]. Three studies have reported the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women living in Dhaka city, Bangladesh [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Although there are limited data on vitamin D status among pregnant rural women, one intervention trial, with a different objective, reported vitamin D deficiency among pregnant rural women in Northern Bangladesh [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Predictors of Vitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency among Pregnant Rural Women in Bangladesh

et al. 2021

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Although adequate vitamin D status during pregnancy is essential for maternal health and to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes, limited data exist on vitamin D status and associated risk factors in pregnant rural Bangladeshi women. This study determined the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, and identified associated risk factors, among these women. A total of 515 pregnant women from rural Bangladesh, gestational age ≤ 20 weeks, participated in this cross-sectional study. A separate logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the risk factors of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. Overall, 17.3% of the pregnant women had vitamin D deficiency [serum 25(OH)D concentration <30.0 nmol/L], and 47.2% had vitamin D insufficiency [serum 25(OH)D concentration between 30–<50 nmol/L]. The risk of vitamin D insufficiency was significantly higher among nulliparous pregnant women (OR: 2.72; 95% CI: 1.75–4.23), those in their first trimester (OR: 2.68; 95% CI: 1.39–5.19), anaemic women (OR: 1.53; 95% CI: 0.99–2.35; p = 0.056) and women whose husbands are farmers (OR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.22–3.50). The risk of vitamin deficiency was significantly higher among younger pregnant women (<25 years; OR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.06–4.21), nulliparous women (OR: 2.65; 95% CI: 1.34–5.25), women in their first trimester (OR: 2.55; 95% CI: 1.12–5.79) and those with sub-optimal vitamin A status (OR: 2.30; 95% CI: 1.28–4.11). In conclusion, hypovitaminosis D is highly prevalent among pregnant rural Bangladeshi women. Parity and gestational age are the common risk factors of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. A husband’s occupation and anaemia status might be important predictors of vitamin D insufficiency, while younger age and sub-optimal vitamin A status are risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in this population.

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“…Another explanation is that MTHFR enzyme activity is reduced due to MTHFR C677T, which may cause the deficiency of folate. Folate deficiency is a modifiable nutritional status that has been linked with adverse pregnancy outcomes including low birth body mass ( 57 , 58 ). Thus, the gene–environmental interaction between MTHFR 677T risk allele and low birth body mass may further increase the susceptibility of autism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Study of MTHFR C677T Polymorphism and Birth Body Mass With Risk of Autism in Chinese Han Population

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Psychiatry

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Objective: To explore the association of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism with birth body mass and risk of autism in Chinese Han population.Methods: A total 1,505 Chinese Han autism patients were recruited, using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th revised version (DSM-IV-R) diagnostic criteria for autism, and 1,308 sex-matched healthy controls were also enrolled for the study. All the participants' birth body masses were counted according to the medical records. The MTHFR C677T genotypes were detected using the polymerase chain reaction-restrict fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The association between C677T polymorphism, birth body mass, and risk of autism were analyzed using the chi-square tests.Results: The present study found that the MTHFR 677T was significantly associated with risk of autism [P = 0.004, odds ratio (OR) = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.02–1.29). The autism children more frequently showed low birth body mass (<2.5 kg) than healthy control subjects (8.6 vs. 5.3%, P = 0.001, OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.24–2.26). The interactive effects between MTHFR 677T and low birth body mass (P = 0.0001, OR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.44–3.32) were also significantly associated with risk of autism.Conclusions: The MTHFR C677T polymorphism and low birth body mass may be associated with risk of autism in Chinese Han population.

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Maternal BMI and nutritional status in early pregnancy and its impact on neonatal outcomes at birth in Bangladesh

Cited by 31 publications

References 51 publications

Maternal Obesity and Risk of Low Birth Weight, Fetal Growth Restriction, and Macrosomia: Multiple Analyses

Maternal Obesity and Risk of Low Birth Weight, Fetal Growth Restriction, and Macrosomia: Multiple Analyses

Prevalence and Predictors of Vitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency among Pregnant Rural Women in Bangladesh

Association Study of MTHFR C677T Polymorphism and Birth Body Mass With Risk of Autism in Chinese Han Population

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