Maternal Behavior in Sumatran Orangutans (Pongo abelii) is Modulated by Mother-Offspring Characteristics and Socioecological Factors
T. Revathe,
Roger Mundry,
Sri Suci Utami-Atmoko
et al.
Abstract:Mammalian mothers flexibly invest in their offspring to maximize their lifetime fitness. Flexible maternal investment may be particularly important in large-brained species with prolonged maternal care, e.g., in great apes. We investigated the effects of socioecological factors and mother–offspring characteristics on nine maternal behaviors in wild Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii; N = 22 mother-offspring pairs; >11,200 hr of focal data from 2007–2022) using generalized linear mixed models. The behaviors f… Show more
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