Maternal Behavior

Numan, Michael; Fleming, Alison S.; Lévy, Frédéric

doi:10.1016/b978-012515400-0/50040-3

Cited by 116 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 610 publications

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“…Thus, OT is implicated in grooming, [4][5][6] maternal, 7 sexual, 8 aggressive 9 and feeding 10 behaviors. Additionally, OT seems to act as an amnesic, 11 antidepressant, 12 anxiolytic 8,13,14 and antinociceptive 15 neuropeptide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroanatomical and cellular substrates of hypergrooming induced by microinjection of oxytocin in central nucleus of amygdala, an experimental model of compulsive behavior

et al. 2007

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Oxytocin (OT) is a neurosecretory nonapeptide synthesized in hypothalamic cells that project to the neurohypophysis as well as to widely distributed sites in the central nervous system. Central OT microinjections induce a variety of cognitive, sexual, reproductive, grooming and affiliative behaviors in animals. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) includes a range of cognitive and behavioral symptoms that bear some relationship with OT. Here, we study the neuroanatomical and cellular substrates of the hypergrooming induced by administration of OT in the central nucleus of amygdala (CeA). In this context, this hypergrooming is considered as a model of compulsive behavior. Our data suggest a link between the CeA and the hypothalamic grooming area (HGA). The HGA includes parts of the paraventricular nucleus and the dorsal hypothalamic area. Our data on colocalization of OT (immunohistochemistry for peptide), OT receptor (binding assay) and its retrogradely labeled cells after Fluoro-Gold injection in the CeA suggest that CeA and connections are important substrates of the circuit underlying this OT-dependent compulsive behavioral pattern.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroanatomical and cellular substrates of hypergrooming induced by microinjection of oxytocin in central nucleus of amygdala, an experimental model of compulsive behavior

et al. 2007

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“…The laboratory rat is a particularly good model for the study of maternal behavior. Their offspring are born blind, unable to thermoregulate, defecate, urinate, or protect themselves from attack (Numan, 1994), thus needing considerable maternal care to survive (Stern, 1997). Behaviorally and neurologically, maternal behavior in the rat has also been relatively well characterized (Numan, 1994;Pedersen, Ascher, Monroe, & Prange, 1982;Pedersen, Caldwell, Walker, Ayers, & Mason, 1994) so that any insult to normal maternal behavior can be easily determined.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their offspring are born blind, unable to thermoregulate, defecate, urinate, or protect themselves from attack (Numan, 1994), thus needing considerable maternal care to survive (Stern, 1997). Behaviorally and neurologically, maternal behavior in the rat has also been relatively well characterized (Numan, 1994;Pedersen, Ascher, Monroe, & Prange, 1982;Pedersen, Caldwell, Walker, Ayers, & Mason, 1994) so that any insult to normal maternal behavior can be easily determined.Maternal separation studies also support a rat intergenerational model of behavior showing that cross-fostering results in behavior of offspring similar to behavior of rearing dams, suggesting a nongenetic transmission of behavior (Francis, Diorio, Liu, & Meaney, 1999;Liu, Caldji, Sharma, Plotsky, & Meaney, 2000), which among other data led us to investigate the presence of intergenerational effects of cocaine use.As far as the literature to date, there is general agreement that acute cocaine treatment in rat dams disrupts both early onset and established pup-directed maternal behavior, while increasing locomotor behavior and stereotypies (Johns, Nelson, et al, 1998;Johns, Noonan, Zimmerman, Li, & Pedersen, 1994;Kinsley et al, 1994; Zimmerberg & Gray, 1992). Significant disruptions in maternal behavior following chronic gestational cocaine treatment during pregnancy were reported for the onset or very early post-partum period, and these dams did not display the hyperactivity often seen in acutely treated dams (Heyser, Molina, & Spear, 1992;Kinsley et al, 1994;Peeke, Dark, Salamy, Salfi, & Shah, 1994; Vernotica, Lisciotto, Rosenblatt, & Morrell, 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocaine treatment and prenatal environment interact to disrupt intergenerational maternal behavior in rats.

Johns¹,

Elliott²,

Hofler³

et al. 2005

Behavioral Neuroscience

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The link between impaired maternal behavior (MB) and cocaine treatment could result from druginduced decreases in maternal reactivity to offspring, prenatal drug exposure (PDE) in offspring that could alter their ability to elicit MB, or the interaction of both, which could subsequently impair MB of the 1st-generation dams. Following chronic or intermittent cocaine or saline treatment during gestation, rat dams rearing natural or cross-fostered litters were compared along with untreated dams for MB. Untreated 1st-generation females with differentially treated rearing dams and PDE were tested for MB with their natural litters. The authors report disruptions in MB in dams and their 1st-generation offspring, attributable to main and interaction effects of maternal treatment, litter PDE, and rearing experience. Pregnant women who use cocaine perpetrate child abuse and neglect more often than women who do not use cocaine during pregnancy (Hawley, Halle, Drasin, & Thomas, 1995; Tyler, Howard, Espinosa, & Doakes, 1997; Wasserman & Leventhal, 1993). Maternal cocaine abuse during pregnancy has also been strongly associated with deficits in maternalinfant bonding (Burns, Chethik, Burns, & Clark, 1991), and mothers with a history of substance abuse often exhibit poor mother-infant interactions (Bauman & Dougherty, 1983;Bays, 1990; Howard, Beck-with, Espinosa, & Tyler, 1995;Johnson & Rosen, 1990). Though studies with human participants are helpful in understanding the connection between cocaine use and maternal neglect, these experiments are correlational. There is a necessary lack of control over many important variables that could confound the results, such as socioeconomic issues, lack of family support, multidrug abuse, and poor general prenatal care (Chasnoff et al., 1998;Koren et al., 1998). Studies that use numerous controls have shown a strong correlation between reported history of child maltreatment and the perpetration of maltreatment and/or neglect in next-generation mothers (Egeland, Jacobvitz, & Papatola, 1987;Hunter, Kilstrom, Kraybill, & Loda, 1978).In order to appropriately investigate and describe the characteristics of cocaine-induced disruption of maternal behavior and potential neglect, as well as possible intergenerational effects of such disruptions, a nonhuman cocaine abuse model offers several advantages. The laboratory rat is a particularly good model for the study of maternal behavior. Their offspring are born blind, unable to thermoregulate, defecate, urinate, or protect themselves from attack (Numan, 1994), thus needing considerable maternal care to survive (Stern, 1997). Behaviorally and neurologically, maternal behavior in the rat has also been relatively well characterized (Numan, 1994;Pedersen, Ascher, Monroe, & Prange, 1982;Pedersen, Caldwell, Walker, Ayers, & Mason, 1994) so that any insult to normal maternal behavior can be easily determined.Maternal separation studies also support a rat intergenerational model of behavior showing that cross-fostering results in behavior of offsp...

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“…MA is found in most mammals and has been characterized as an offensive/aggressive series of actions and postures including direct attacks on an intruder thought to help ensure offspring survival (Numan 1994). MA can be elicited during the late gestational period, but peaks during the first 10 postpartum days (PPDs) (Giovenardi et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maternal aggressive (MA) behavior in lactating rats has been described as a subset of maternal behaviors related to protecting offspring from intruders into the nesting environment (Numan 1994;Gammie 2005). MA is found in most mammals and has been characterized as an offensive/aggressive series of actions and postures including direct attacks on an intruder thought to help ensure offspring survival (Numan 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergenerational effects of cocaine on maternal aggressive behavior and brain oxytocin in rat dams

McMurray

Joyner

Middleton

et al. 2008

Stress

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Gestational cocaine treatment results in significantly increased maternal aggression towards an intruder by postpartum day six, while acute postpartum treatment dose dependently decreases maternal aggressive (MA) behavior. Both increased and decreased aggression in the cocainetreated dams are correlated with either decreased or increased levels of oxytocin in the amygdala, respectively. The current study was an effort to determine whether the effect of gestational cocaine on maternal aggression is transient or would continue into the postpartum period; whether an intermittent cocaine treatment regimen, which incorporates gestational and postpartum intermittent cocaine treatment, would differ from chronic daily gestational treatment; and finally, whether next generation female offspring of cocaine-treated or control dams would have altered MA behavior and oxytocin system changes attributable to either prenatal drug exposure, rearing condition or both. We now report no increase in maternal aggression following chronic gestational treatment and significantly lower levels of aggression in intermittently treated dams on postpartum day eight, with no significant effects in either group on postpartum day 12. Young adult female offspring of the cocaine-treated and control dams, who reared their own natural litters and were tested on postpartum day eight for maternal aggression, had higher levels of maternal aggression towards an intruder attributable to both prenatal cocaine exposure and rearing condition. Higher aggression in cocaine-reared next generation dams was associated with lower levels of oxytocin in the amygdala. Intergenerational effects of cocaine were apparent with respect to aggression and oxytocin system changes.

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Maternal Behavior

Cited by 116 publications

References 610 publications

Neuroanatomical and cellular substrates of hypergrooming induced by microinjection of oxytocin in central nucleus of amygdala, an experimental model of compulsive behavior

Neuroanatomical and cellular substrates of hypergrooming induced by microinjection of oxytocin in central nucleus of amygdala, an experimental model of compulsive behavior

Cocaine treatment and prenatal environment interact to disrupt intergenerational maternal behavior in rats.

Intergenerational effects of cocaine on maternal aggressive behavior and brain oxytocin in rat dams

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