Maternal antibodies protect offspring from severe influenza infection and do not lead to detectable interference with subsequent offspring immunization

Lubbe, Joan E. M. van der; Vreugdenhil, Jessica; Damman, Sarra; Vaneman, Joost; Klap, J.M.; Goudsmit, Jaap; Radošević, Katarina; Roozendaal, Ramon

doi:10.1186/s12985-017-0787-4

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Regarding the natural anti-carbohydrate repertoire, our results show that in early weaned mice (3 weeks) the repertoire of natural anti-glycan antibodies is quite limited, meaning that the immune system of young animals is at a very early stage of development. These antibodies detected at month-1 could be the result of passive immunization ( 47 ) through the placenta during the pregnancy (IgG) or via mother's milk (most of them are IgA), to protect the offspring from potential threats like bacterial infections during the first stage of life. The same general analysis applies to microbiota diversity; lactating mice don't need complex and diverse microbiota when milk is the primary dietary intake during the first month of life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Formation of Glycan-Specific Natural Antibodies Repertoire in GalT-KO Mice Is Determined by Gut Microbiota

et al. 2019

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Gut commensal bacteria are known to have a significant role in regulating the innate and adaptive immune homeostasis. Alterations in the intestinal microbial composition have been associated with several disease states, including autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. However, it is not entirely clear how commensal gut microbiota modulate and contribute to the systemic immunity, and whether circulating elements of the host immune system could regulate the microbiome. Thus, we have studied the diversity and abundance of specific taxons in the gut microbiota of inbred GalT-KO mice during 7 months of animal life by metagenetic high-throughput sequencing (16S rRNA gene, variable regions V3–V5). The repertoire of glycan-specific natural antibodies, obtained by printed glycan array technology, was then associated with the microbial diversity for each animal by metagenome-wide association studies (MWAS). Our data show that the orders clostridiales (most abundant), bacteriodales, lactobacillales, and deferribacterales may be associated with the development of the final repertoire of natural anti-glycan antibodies in GalT-KO mice. The main changes in microbiota diversity (month-2 and month-3) were related to important changes in levels and repertoire of natural anti-glycan antibodies in these mice. Additionally, significant positive and negative associations were found between the gut microbiota and the pattern of specific anti-glycan antibodies. Regarding individual features, the gut microbiota and the corresponding repertoire of natural anti-glycan antibodies showed differences among the examined animals. We also found redundancy in different taxa associated with the development of specific anti-glycan antibodies. Differences in microbial diversity did not, therefore, necessarily influence the overall functional output of the gut microbiome of GalT-KO mice. In summary, the repertoire of natural anti-carbohydrate antibodies may be partially determined by the continuous antigenic stimulation produced by the gut bacterial population of each GalT-KO mouse. Small differences in gut microbiota diversity could determine different repertoire and levels of natural anti-glycan antibodies and consequently might induce different immune responses to pathogens or other potential threats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Formation of Glycan-Specific Natural Antibodies Repertoire in GalT-KO Mice Is Determined by Gut Microbiota

et al. 2019

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“…Infants between 6 and 12 months experienced relatively high rates of hospitalization in an RCT comparing inactivated vaccine and LAIV and consequently, LAIV has only been recommended in infants greater than 12 months of age ( 76 ). There is currently no available influenza vaccine for infants younger than 6 months, however, maternal immunization provides passive protection ( 77 ) and in a murine model, there was no evidence of maternal interference ( 78 ).…”

Section: Current Research On Early Life Immunizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal Immunization: Rationale, Current State, and Future Prospects

2018

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Infections take their greatest toll in early life necessitating robust approaches to protect the very young. Here, we review the rationale, current state, and future research directions for one such approach: neonatal immunization. Challenges to neonatal immunization include natural concern about safety as well as a distinct neonatal immune system that is generally polarized against Th1 responses to many stimuli such that some vaccines that are effective in adults are not in newborns. Nevertheless, neonatal immunization could result in high-population penetration as birth is a reliable point of healthcare contact, and offers an opportunity for early protection of the young, including preterm newborns who are deficient in maternal antibodies. Despite distinct immunity and reduced responses to some vaccines, several vaccines have proven safe and effective at birth. While some vaccines such as polysaccharide vaccines have little effectiveness at birth, hepatitis B vaccine can prime at birth and requires multiple doses to achieve protection, whereas the live-attenuated Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG), may offer single shot protection, potentially in part via heterologous (“non-specific”) beneficial effects. Additional vaccines have been studied at birth including those directed against pertussis, pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenza type B and rotavirus providing important lessons. Current areas of research in neonatal vaccinology include characterization of early life immune ontogeny, heterogeneity in and heterologous effects of BCG vaccine formulations, applying systems biology and systems serology, in vitro platforms that model age-specific human immunity and discovery and development of novel age-specific adjuvantation systems. These approaches may inform, de-risk, and accelerate development of novel vaccines for use in early life. Key stakeholders, including the general public, should be engaged in assessing the opportunities and challenges inherent to neonatal immunization.

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“…It is speculated that the function of ACE2 protein in adults is stronger than that of children; therefore, SARS-CoV-2 is more infectious in adults [99] . Other studies reported that maternal antibodies can protect infants and young children from microbes immunized by the mother, so children are completely new to all microbes that have not been immunized by the mother [100] . New memory T and B cell pools can be established in the immune system of infants and young children, and reinfection of common pathogens can also be controlled.…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 and Cardiovascular Involvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection on cardiovascular diseases and cardiopulmonary injuries

Zhu

et al. 2021

Stem Cell Research

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Maternal antibodies protect offspring from severe influenza infection and do not lead to detectable interference with subsequent offspring immunization

Cited by 14 publications

References 46 publications

The Formation of Glycan-Specific Natural Antibodies Repertoire in GalT-KO Mice Is Determined by Gut Microbiota

The Formation of Glycan-Specific Natural Antibodies Repertoire in GalT-KO Mice Is Determined by Gut Microbiota

Neonatal Immunization: Rationale, Current State, and Future Prospects

The effects of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection on cardiovascular diseases and cardiopulmonary injuries

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