Maternal anthropometrics are associated with fetal size in different periods of pregnancy and at birth. The Generation R Study

Ay, Lamise; Kruithof, Claudia J.; Bakker, Rachel; Steegers, Eric A.P.; Witteman, Jacqueline C. M.; Moll, Henriëtte A.; Hofman, Albert; Mackenbach, Johan P.; Hokken-Koelega, Anita C S; Jaddoe, Vincent W. V.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02143.x

Cited by 102 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…We observed that maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain were associated with an increased risk of largesize-for-gestational-age infants and a lower risk of small-size-forgestational-age infants. Similar findings have been reported by other studies (4,17,18). Previously, we have shown that maternal prepregnancy BMI is positively associated with birth weight of the offspring (4).…”

Section: Obesitysupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Excessive gestational weight gain might also influence the risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes (4,5,7). The mechanisms of these associations remain unclear, as gestational weight gain reflects both maternal nutritional status, as well as tissue expansion during pregnancy, because of fat storage and fluids (4). Not much is known about the specific risk factors for maternal obesity and excessive weight gain during pregnancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has also been suggested that maternal obesity is associated with long-term maternal and offspring consequences, such as postpartum weight retention, metabolic syndrome, and obesity in the offspring (1,3,6). Excessive gestational weight gain might also influence the risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes (4,5,7). The mechanisms of these associations remain unclear, as gestational weight gain reflects both maternal nutritional status, as well as tissue expansion during pregnancy, because of fat storage and fluids (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“….Maternal obesity seems to be associated with short-term adverse maternal and fetal outcomes (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). It has also been suggested that maternal obesity is associated with long-term maternal and offspring consequences, such as postpartum weight retention, metabolic syndrome, and obesity in the offspring (1,3,6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors and outcomes of maternal obesity and excessive weight gain during pregnancy

Gaillard

Durmuş

Hofman

et al. 2013

Obesity

413

359

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Objective: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age is increasing. We aimed to determine risk factors and maternal, fetal and childhood consequences of maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain. Design and Methods: The study was embedded in a population-based prospective cohort study among 6959 mothers and their children. The study was based in Rotterdam, The Netherlands (2001-2005. Results: Maternal lower educational level, lower household income, multiparity, and FTO risk allel were associated with an increased risk of maternal obesity, whereas maternal European ethnicity, nulliparity, higher total energy intake, and smoking during pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of excessive gestational weight gain (all p-values <0.05). As compared to normal weight, maternal obesity was associated with increased risks of gestational hypertension (OR 6.31 (95% CI 4.30, 9.26)), preeclampsia (OR (3.61, (95% CI 2.04, 6.39)), gestational diabetes (OR 6.28 (95%CI 3.01, 13.06)), caesarean delivery (OR 1.91 (95% CI 1.46, 2.50)), delivering large size for gestational age infants (OR 2.97 (95% CI 2.16, 4.08)), and childhood obesity (OR 5.02 (95% CI:2.97, 8.45)). Weaker associations of excessive gestational weight gain with maternal, fetal and childhood outcomes were observed, with the strongest effects for first trimester weight gain. Conclusions: Our study shows that maternal obesity and excessive weight gain during pregnancy are associated with socio-demographic, lifestyle, and genetic factors and with increased risks of adverse maternal, fetal and childhood outcomes. As compared to prepregnancy overweight and obesity, excessive gestational weight gain has a limited influence on adverse pregnancy outcomes.

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Section: Obesitysupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Risk factors and outcomes of maternal obesity and excessive weight gain during pregnancy

Gaillard

Durmuş

Hofman

et al. 2013

Obesity

413

359

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…1 There is strong evidence for the association between maternal obesity and high infant birthweight. [2][3][4][5] Therefore, an increase in the prevalence of large-for-gestationalage (LGA) infants is likely, considering the increasing prevalence of obesity. 1,6 LGA infants are at increased risk of both short-and long-term poor outcomes, such as adult obesity and metabolic disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antenatal predictors and body composition of large-for-gestational-age newborns: perinatal health outcomes

et al. 2014

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OBJECTIVE:To compare body composition of large-for-gestational-age (LGA) with appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) newborns and to identify antenatal predictors of LGA. STUDY DESIGN: This cross-sectional study included 536 term, singleton infants. Anthropometric measurements were performed within 48 h of birth and included determination of body fat percentage (%BF) by air displacement plethysmography. Associations were investigated using logistic regression. RESULT:LGA infants had greater %BF (P o 0.001) compared with AGA infants. Significant predictors of LGA infants included parity (odds ratio (OR) = 1.98, (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00, 4.02)), paternal height (OR = 1.08, (95% CI 1.03, 1.14)), maternal pregravid weight (65 to 74.9 kg: OR = 2.77, (95% CI 1.14, 7.06)) and gestational weight gain (OR = 1.09, 95% CI (1.03, 1.16)). Gestational diabetes mellitus was not associated with LGA infants (P = 0.598). CONCLUSION: Paternal height, parity, maternal pregravid weight and gestational weight gain were strongly associated with LGA infants. These results may allow early prediction and potential modification, thereby optimising clinical outcomes.

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Association of Maternal Obesity With Longitudinal Ultrasonographic Measures of Fetal Growth

et al. 2018

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IMPORTANCE Despite the increasing prevalence of pregravid obesity, systematic evaluation of the association of maternal obesity with fetal growth trajectories is lacking.OBJECTIVE To characterize differences in fetal growth trajectories between obese and nonobese pregnant women, and to identify the timing of any observed differences. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThe Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Growth Studies-Singletons study enrolled cohorts of pregnant women at 12 US health care institutions. Obese women (with prepregnancy body mass index > 30) and nonobese women (prepregnancy body mass indexes, 19-29.9) without major chronic diseases were recruited between 8 weeks and 0 days' gestation and 13 weeks and 6 days' gestation. A mixed longitudinal randomization scheme randomized participants into 1 of 4 schedules for 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional ultrasonograms to capture weekly fetal growth data throughout the remainder of their pregnancies. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESOn each ultrasonogram, fetal humerus length, femur length, biparietal diameter, head circumference, and abdominal circumference were measured. Fetal growth curves were estimated using linear mixed models with cubic splines. Median differences in the fetal measures at each gestational week of the obese and nonobese participants were examined using the likelihood ratio and Wald tests after adjustment for maternal characteristics. RESULTSThe study enrolled 468 obese and 2334 nonobese women between 8 weeks and 0 days' gestation and 13 weeks and 6 days' gestation. After a priori exclusion criteria, 443 obese and 2320 nonobese women composed the final cohort. Commencing at 21 weeks' gestation, femur length and humerus length were significantly longer for fetuses of obese woman than those of nonobese women. Differences persisted in obese and nonobese groups through 38 weeks' gestation (median femur length, 71.0 vs 70.2 mm; P = .01; median humerus length, 62.2 vs 61.6 mm; P = .03). Averaged across gestation, head circumference was significantly larger in fetuses of obese women than those of nonobese women (P = .02). Fetal abdominal circumference was not greater in the obese cohort than in the nonobese cohort but was significantly larger than in fetuses of normal-weight women (with body mass indexes between 19.0-24.9) commencing at 32 weeks (median, 282.1 vs 280.2 mm; P = .04). Starting from 30 weeks' gestation, estimated fetal weight was significantly larger for the fetuses of obese women (median, 1512 g [95% CI, 1494-1530 g] vs 1492 g [95% CI, 1484-1499 g]) and the difference grew as gestational age increased. Birth weight was higher by almost 100 g in neonates born to obese women than to nonobese women (mean, 3373.2 vs 3279.5 g). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEAs early as 32 weeks' gestation, fetuses of obese women had higher weights than fetuses of nonobese women. The mechanisms and long-term health implications of these findings are not yet established.

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Maternal anthropometrics are associated with fetal size in different periods of pregnancy and at birth. The Generation R Study

Cited by 102 publications

References 38 publications

Risk factors and outcomes of maternal obesity and excessive weight gain during pregnancy

Risk factors and outcomes of maternal obesity and excessive weight gain during pregnancy

Antenatal predictors and body composition of large-for-gestational-age newborns: perinatal health outcomes

Association of Maternal Obesity With Longitudinal Ultrasonographic Measures of Fetal Growth

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