Maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnancy associated with COVID-19: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Karaçam, Zekiye; ÇAKALOZ, Damla KIZILCA; Öztürk, Gizem Güneş; Çoban, Ayden

doi:10.18332/ejm/149485

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(656 reference statements)

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“…The published observations were analysed by comparing the results of mothers and pregnancies, perinatal results, and results of newborns and infants from the time of the pandemic, comparing them to the period before the pandemic period [ 14 , 28 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of COVID-19 on Pregnancy and Neonate’s Vital Parameters: A Systematic Review

Charuta,

Smuniewska,

Woźniak

et al. 2023

Journal of Pregnancy

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Background. COVID-19 is a new pandemic, which was declared by the World Health Organization in 2019 as a threat to public health. According to numerous reports, it can have negative consequences for pregnant women, labour, and neonates born to infected mothers. The aim of this paper was to gather the evidence and to present a summary of the results of studies concerning COVID-19 in pregnant women and their neonates. Methods. Articles from prestigious journals covering the period from 2020 to February 2023, relevant review papers, and original research articles from PubMed were analysed. In order to analyse the available research literature, the Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases were used, in which the search for articles was conducted using terms (“pregnancy,” “coronavirus,” “SARS-CoV-2,” and “newborn”) and using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines for clinical trials. Meta-analyses and systematic reviews (2022–2023) on symptoms, neonatal course, and risk of COVID-19 infection have been summarized. Summary of meta-analyses and systematic reviews (2022–2023) on the effect and adverse reaction of the COVID-19 vaccination is presented. Results. As a result of the research conducted, it was confirmed that in most pregnant women, no serious signs of the infection were observed, although isolated cases of death related to COVID-19 in pregnant women were reported. Several authors called attention to the more severe course of the infection in pregnant women with obesity. It seemed that no vertical transmission from mother to child was occurring. Nevertheless, the information was not clinching. The condition of the neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 was in most cases described as normal; however, some papers reported deaths of infected neonates. Conclusions. Due to insufficient data, further research is necessary. Further studies and follow-up are recommended, which would make possible an assessment of remote effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy and vital parameters of the newborn.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The infection, symptoms, infection severity, the need for intensive therapy, and mechanical ventilation were analysed, as well as childbirth and puerperium of women with COVID-19 infection [ 14 , 18 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of COVID-19 on Pregnancy and Neonate’s Vital Parameters: A Systematic Review

Charuta,

Smuniewska,

Woźniak

et al. 2023

Journal of Pregnancy

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“…A total of 984 neonates were included (508 males and 476 females) in a multicenter study by Mostafa et al [13] to [32,33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abdelazim et al reported that COVID-19 increased the risk of premature birth. Karaçam et al expressed the risk of premature birth as 18% [ 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Perinatal, Newborn, and Audiometry Results of COVID-19 Pregnant Women

Yılmaz

Aksin

Balsak

et al. 2022

International Journal of Clinical Practice

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Objective. There are studies on the perinatal outcomes of COVID-19, but the audiometric effects of the maternal immune system against COVID-19 in the newborn are not clear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the perinatal outcomes of COVID-19 positive pregnant women and the audiological outcomes of newborns. Materials and Methods. This retrospective, single-center cohort study was conducted with 65 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive pregnant women and newborns and 66 normal pregnant women and newborns who were admitted between January 2020–December 2021. Pregnancy data, perinatal outcomes, and newborn hearing test results of pregnant women and newborns were recorded and compared. Results. A total of 131 patients were enrolled in the study. The number of normal pregnant women was 66 (50.4%) and the number of pregnant women who had COVID-19 disease was 65 (49.6%). In general, gestational week, age, parity, biochemical parameters, duration of hospital stay, week of delivery, fetal weight, and apgar scores were compared between pregnant women with COVID-19 and normal. White blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and C-reactive protein (CRP) parameters were found to be significantly higher, and lymphocyte and neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) ratios were significantly lower ( p < 0.05 ). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (χ2=0.001; p = 1,000 ). The normal delivery status, the normal delivery rate in patients with COVID-19 was found to be statistically significantly higher than the cesarean section delivery status ( p = 0.012 ). In the statistical comparison between the COVID-19 and normal pregnant groups in the cesarean section group, the gestational week, delivery week, and apgar1 scores of the pregnant women with COVID-19 were found to be significantly higher. There was no statistically significant difference between the distributions of the rate of infants with hearing impairment in the comparison with hearing tests in pregnant women with COVID-19 (n=1) and normal pregnant women (n=1) (χ2=0.001; p = 1,000 ). Conclusion. Although the negative effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcomes are rare, it was determined that there was no increased audiological risk factor, and the most important predictor of COVID-19 was lymphopenia.

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“…Preterm birth, defined as birth at <37 weeks of gestation, is the leading cause of neonatal death globally 1 and, together with low birthweight, the second leading cause of infant mortality in the United States. 2 According to recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] there is mounting evidence that COVID-19 infection during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth; however, data remain limited on the risk of preterm birth by trimester of infection. As a limitation of their review, Allotey et al 5 wrote: "Not many studies reported outcomes by trimester for symptom onset."…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between COVID-19 During Pregnancy and Preterm Birth by Trimester of Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Longitudinal Social Media Data

Klein,

Kunatharaju,

Golder

et al. 2023

Preprint

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BackgroundPreterm birth, defined as birth at <37 weeks of gestation, is the leading cause of neonatal death globally and, together with low birthweight, the second leading cause of infant mortality in the United States. There is mounting evidence that COVID-19 infection during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth; however, data remain limited by trimester of infection. The ability to study COVID-19 infection during the earlier stages of pregnancy has been limited by available sources of data. The objective of this study was to use self-reports in large-scale, longitudinal social media data to assess the association between trimester of COVID-19 infection and preterm birth.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we used natural language processing and machine learning, followed by manual validation, to identify pregnant Twitter users and to search their longitudinal collection of publicly available tweets for reports of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy and, subsequently, a preterm birth or term birth (i.e., a gestational age ≥37 weeks) outcome. Among the users who reported their pregnancy on Twitter, we also identified a 1:1 age-matched control group, consisting of users with a due date prior to January 1, 2020—that is, without COVID-19 infection during pregnancy. We calculated the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to compare the overall rates of preterm birth for pregnancies with and without COVID-19 infection and by timing of infection: first trimester (weeks 1-13), second trimester (weeks 14-27), or third trimester (weeks 28-36).ResultsThrough August 2022, we identified 298 Twitter users who reported COVID-19 infection during pregnancy, a preterm birth or term birth outcome, and maternal age: 94 (31.5%) with first-trimester infection, 110 (36.9%) second-trimester infection, and 95 (31.9%) third-trimester infection. In total, 26 (8.8%) of these 298 users reported preterm birth: 8 (8.5%) were infected during the first trimester, 7 (6.4%) were infected during the second trimester, and 12 (12.6%) were infected during the third trimester. In the 1:1 age-matched control group, 13 (4.4%) of the 298 users reported preterm birth. Overall, the risk of preterm birth was significantly higher for pregnancies with COVID-19 infection compared to those without (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.06-4.16). In particular, the risk of preterm birth was significantly higher for pregnancies with COVID-19 infection during the third trimester (OR 3.17, CI 1.39-7.21).ConclusionThe results of our study suggest that COVID-19 infection particularly during the third trimester is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth.

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Maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnancy associated with COVID-19: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 12 publications

References 76 publications

Effect of COVID-19 on Pregnancy and Neonate’s Vital Parameters: A Systematic Review

Effect of COVID-19 on Pregnancy and Neonate’s Vital Parameters: A Systematic Review

Comparison of Perinatal, Newborn, and Audiometry Results of COVID-19 Pregnant Women

Association Between COVID-19 During Pregnancy and Preterm Birth by Trimester of Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Longitudinal Social Media Data

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