Maternal and paternal effects on the germination time of non‐dormant seeds of a monocarpic perennial species, Aster kantoensis (Compositae)

Abstract

In plant species producing non-dormant seeds, the germination time (from the start of imbibition to radicle emergence) is the main factor determining the timing of seedling emergence. We investigated maternal and paternal genetic effects on the germination time of non-dormant seeds of a monocarpic perennial, Aster kantoensis Kitamura (Compositae). Three sets of reciprocal diallel crosses among five plants were conducted to produce genetic variation in seeds, and the germination time of the progeny of each parent was determined. The effects of the maternal parent and the interaction of maternal and paternal parents on the germination time of progeny were significant in all sets, and the effect of the paternal parent was significant in two of the three sets. This result means that the germination time of the progeny of a maternal or paternal parent can vary with the genotype of its mating partners. Because variation in the emergence time of seedlings contributes to avoiding seedling loss owing to unpredictable environmental changes, genetic variation in the germination time among the progeny of each parent mating with multiple partners could contribute to the establishment of the parent's seedlings in species producing non-dormant seeds in the field.

How much influence does the paternal parent have on seed germination?

“…Both maternal and paternal parents and their interaction significantly affected seed mass, and seeds that germinated had significantly more mass than those that did not germinate (Helenurm and Schaal, 1996). The paternal parent had significant effects on germination time of the progeny in two of three sets of reciprocal diallel crosses in the monocarpic perennial species Aster kantoensi s, whose seeds are non-dormant at maturity (Kagawa et al ., 2011).…”

“…They suggest that MEA acts as a maternal buffer against the paternal genome on seed development and conclude that this provides support of the (intragenomic) parental conflict theory in angiosperms whose seeds are sired by multiple donors. Schmitt and Antonovics, 1986 Asclepias exaltata Apocynaceae 0 Himes and Wyatt, 2005 Asclepias speciosa Apocynaceae + Bookman, 1984 Aster kantoensis Asteraceae + Kagawa et al, 2011 Beta vulgaris Amaranthaceae 0 Battle and Whittington, 1971 Betula pendula Betulaceae 0 Pasonen et al, 2001 Brassica campestris Brassicaceae + Palmer and Zimmerman, 1994 Campanula americana Campanulaceae + Richardson and Stephenson, 1992 Campanula americana Campanulaceae + Galloway, 2001a Campanula americana Campanulaceae + Galloway, 2001b Campanula americana Campanulaceae + Etterson and Galloway, 2002 Campanula rapunculoides Campanulaceae 0 Good-Avila and Stephenson, 2003 Campsis radicans Bignoniaceae + Bertin, 1986 Campsis radicans Bignoniaceae + Bertin et al, 1989 Campsis radicans Bignoniaceae + Bertin, 1990 Chamaecrista fasciculata Fabaceae 0 Sork and Schemske, 1992 Cochlearia Lobelia cardinalis Campanulaceae + Schlichting and Devlin, 1992 Lupinus texensis Fabaceae + Helenurm and Schaal, 1996 Lychnis flos-cuculi Caryophyllaceae + Biere, 1991a Lychnis flos-cuculi Caryophyllaceae + Biere, 1991b Mirabilis jalapa Nyctaginaceae 0 Niesenbaum, 1999 Morus alba and M. rubra Moraceae 0 Burgess and Husband, 2004 Nemophlia menziesii Boraginaceae + Platenkamp and Shaw, 1993 Nemophlia menziesii Boraginaceae 0 Byers et al, 1997 Nicotiana tobacum Solanaceae + Honing, 1930 Nicotiana tobacum Solanaceae + Kasperbauer, 1968 Pachycereus pringlei Cactaceae + Sosa and Fleming, 1999 Petunia hybrida Solanaceae + Girard, 1990 Plantago lanceolata Plantaginaceae + Lacey, 1996 Plantago lanceolata Plantaginaceae 0 Lacey and Herr, 2000…”

Efeitos do Tegumento e teor de água de sementes de Plathymenia reticulata e Stryphnodendron adstringens na tolerância a choques térmicos

“…Coville., oriundas de savanas ocorrentes nos Estados do Mato Grosso e de Minas Gerais: não escarificadas, escarificadas, e escarificadas + embebidas. Nível de confiança usado: 0,95. imprevisibilidades climáticas (Venable 2007, Kagaya et al 2010, como nas formações savânicas de Cerrado (Ribeiro & Walter 2008).…”

Germination of grass species from dry and wet grasslands in response to osmotic stress under present and future temperatures

“…For species from both physiognomies, the median germination time a progressively increased as the water potential became more negative, in particular at current temperatures. This stress‐dependent response may represent a bet‐hedging strategy or delayed germination, common in species from environments with unpredictable climate (Venable, 2007; Ooi et al, 2009; Kagaya et al, 2010) and suggest that in more stressful environments, seed germination might become slower and the period of germination for all seeds in the population will be spread over a longer time. However, as discussed above, higher temperatures seem to compromise this strategy in particular among dry grassland species by accelerating their germination, what may very likely impact the dynamics and resilience of such physiognomy in a future climate.…”